biomarker 1,087 words KG: ALZHEIMERS 2026-03-25
kind:biomarkersection:biomarkersstate:publishedtopic:alzheimerstopic:neuroinflammationtopic:cytokines
Contents

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

🔬 Protein Info
Gene Symbolalzheimers
Aliasesalzheimers
Function- Loss-of-function variants: Increase AD risk ~3-fold
Morphological transformationFrom ramified surveillant to amoeboid activated state
Surface marker changesUpregulation of CD68, Iba-1, TREM2
Functional alterationsChanged phagocytic activity, cytokine secretion
Loss-of-function variantsIncrease AD risk ~3-fold
sTREM2Soluble form released by activated microglia, detectable in CSF
CSF levelsElevated in AD vs controls
A1 phenotypeNeurotoxic reactive astrocytes producing complement components
A2 phenotypePotentially protective, producing neurotrophic factors
Marker changesGFAP upregulation, YKL-40 expression
C1qInitiates complement; localizes to amyloid plaques
C3Central component; elevated in AD brain and CSF
C5aPro-inflammatory anaphylatoxin; receptor blockage is neuroprotective in models
AssociationCorrelates with cognitive decline rate
Associated DiseasesALZHEIMER
KG Connections7 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING

Knowledge Graph

Related Hypotheses (30)

Gamma entrainment therapy to restore hippocampal-cortical sy
Score: 0.68
Hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuit rescue via neurogenesis and syna
Score: 0.68
ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Micro
Score: 0.66
Prefrontal sensory gating circuit restoration via PV interne
Score: 0.59
Cell-Type Specific TREM2 Upregulation in DAM Microglia
Score: 0.52

Related Analyses (25)

Synaptic pruning by microglia in early AD
neurodegeneration · archived
Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurodegeneration
neuroscience · archived
Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transc
neurodegeneration · archived
Tau propagation mechanisms and therapeutic interception poin
neurodegeneration · archived
SEA-AD Gene Expression Profiling — Allen Brain Cell Atlas
neurodegeneration · completed

Related Experiments (30)

ER-Golgi Secretory Pathway Dysfunction in PD - Experiment De
clinical · proposed · Score: 0.40
Macroautophagy Dysfunction in PD - Experiment Design
clinical · proposed · Score: 0.40
Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD
clinical · proposed · Score: 0.95
CSF Dynamic Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of NPH vs
clinical · proposed · Score: 0.90
s:** - Test whether HCN1 knockout specifically in EC layer I
falsification · proposed · Score: 0.40

See Also (15)

TREM2 Agonist Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease
therapeutic · Pages share 18 hypotheses
Tau Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease
therapeutic · Pages share 18 hypotheses
Sodium Oligomannate (GV-971) for Alzheimer's Disease
therapeutic · Pages share 18 hypotheses
Siponimod for Alzheimer's Disease
therapeutic · Pages share 18 hypotheses
Nanomedicine Approaches to Alzheimer's Disease
therapeutic · Pages share 18 hypotheses

Knowledge Graph (6 edges)

ALZHEIMERS activates WAM
TREM2 associated_with ALZHEIMERS
SERPINA3N associated_with ALZHEIMERS
R47H_TREM2 contributes_to ALZHEIMERS
DAM associated_with ALZHEIMERS
MICROGLIA participates_in ALZHEIMERS