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htr2c Protein
Introduction
Htr2C Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
<div class="infobox infobox-protein">
| Attribute | Value | |-----------|-------| | Protein Name | HTR2C, 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2C | | Gene Symbol | [htr2c](/proteins/htr2c-protein) | | UniProt ID | [P28335](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P28335) | | Molecular Weight | ~60-70 kDa | | Subcellular Localization | Cell membrane, caveolin-rich domains | | Protein Family | Class A GPCR, 5-HT2 family | | Ligand | Serotonin (5-HT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) | | Signal Transduction | Gq protein, PLCβ, IP3, Ca²⁺, ERK1/2 |
</div>}
Overview
The 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2C (5-HT₂C or HTR2C) is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). This receptor is widely expressed in the central nervous system and plays diverse roles in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, cognition, and motor control. The HTR2C receptor is uniquely regulated by RNA editing, which produces multiple receptor isoforms with distinct signaling properties.
Structure
HTR2C has the typical seven-transmembrane domain structure of class A GPCRs:
Extracellular Domain
N-terminal tail: Short extracellular sequence
Loop regions: Connect transmembrane helices
...
htr2c Protein
Introduction
Htr2C Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
<div class="infobox infobox-protein">
| Attribute | Value | |-----------|-------| | Protein Name | HTR2C, 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2C | | Gene Symbol | [htr2c](/proteins/htr2c-protein) | | UniProt ID | [P28335](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P28335) | | Molecular Weight | ~60-70 kDa | | Subcellular Localization | Cell membrane, caveolin-rich domains | | Protein Family | Class A GPCR, 5-HT2 family | | Ligand | Serotonin (5-HT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) | | Signal Transduction | Gq protein, PLCβ, IP3, Ca²⁺, ERK1/2 |
</div>}
Overview
The 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2C (5-HT₂C or HTR2C) is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). This receptor is widely expressed in the central nervous system and plays diverse roles in mood regulation, appetite, sleep, cognition, and motor control. The HTR2C receptor is uniquely regulated by RNA editing, which produces multiple receptor isoforms with distinct signaling properties.
Structure
HTR2C has the typical seven-transmembrane domain structure of class A GPCRs:
Extracellular Domain
N-terminal tail: Short extracellular sequence
Loop regions: Connect transmembrane helices
Transmembrane Domain
Seven α-helices: Cross the lipid bilayer
Conserved motifs: For ligand binding and G protein coupling
Orthosteric binding site: In the transmembrane core
Intracellular Domain
C-terminal tail: Long intracellular tail with multiple phosphorylation sites
RNA editing site: A site in the coding sequence (positions 156, 157, 158)
PDZ-binding motif: For protein-protein interactions
RNA Editing
The HTR2C receptor undergoes A-to-I RNA editing:
Non-edited (AAA): Produces unedited isoform with highest signaling
Obesity: Lorcaserin (withdrawn), 5-HT₂C agonists for weight loss
Depression: 5-HT₂C in mood disorder treatment
Dyskinesias: 5-HT₂C antagonists for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias
Schizophrenia: 5-HT₂C in antipsychotic action
Neuropsychiatric Effects
Anxiety: Anxiolytic potential of 5-HT₂C modulation
Addiction: 5-HT₂C in reward and substance abuse
Epilepsy: 5-HT₂C in seizure susceptibility
Research Directions
Biomarkers
CSF 5-HT₂C levels as neurotransmitter marker
RNA editing status as biological marker
PET ligands for receptor imaging
Genetic Studies
HTR2C polymorphisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Epigenetic regulation of HTR2C expression
Structural Biology
Cryo-EM structures of 5-HT₂C
Allosteric binding site characterization
Animal Models
HTR2C knockout mice: Obese, prone to seizures
Humanized mice: Expressing human HTR2C
Conditional knockouts: Tissue-specific deletion
Transgenic models: Overexpression and disease models
Background
The study of Htr2C Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.