TLR5 Protein

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TLR5 Protein

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TLR5 Protein - Toll-Like Receptor 5

Introduction

Tlr5 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox .infobox-protein"> [@akira2004]
<table> [@sampson2016]
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;">Protein Information</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Name</strong></td><td>Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Gene</strong></td><td>TLR5</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td><td>Q9R279</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>PDB Structure</strong></td><td>5GS0, 3J0N</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Molecular Weight</strong></td><td>~97 kDa</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Subcellular Localization</strong></td><td>Cell membrane, Endosomes</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Family</strong></td><td>Toll-Like Receptor Family</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">7 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

TLR5 (Toll-Like Receptor 5) is a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system that recognizes bacterial flagellin. TLR5 is expressed on immune cells and various tissues, where it triggers pro-inflammatory responses upon flagellin recognition. Emerging research suggests TLR5 plays roles in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Structure

TLR5 is a type I transmembrane protein:

...

TLR5 Protein - Toll-Like Receptor 5

Introduction

Tlr5 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox .infobox-protein"> [@akira2004]
<table> [@sampson2016]
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;">Protein Information</th></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Name</strong></td><td>Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Gene</strong></td><td>TLR5</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td><td>Q9R279</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>PDB Structure</strong></td><td>5GS0, 3J0N</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Molecular Weight</strong></td><td>~97 kDa</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Subcellular Localization</strong></td><td>Cell membrane, Endosomes</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Family</strong></td><td>Toll-Like Receptor Family</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">7 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

TLR5 (Toll-Like Receptor 5) is a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system that recognizes bacterial flagellin. TLR5 is expressed on immune cells and various tissues, where it triggers pro-inflammatory responses upon flagellin recognition. Emerging research suggests TLR5 plays roles in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Structure

TLR5 is a type I transmembrane protein:

Domain Architecture

Signal peptide: N-terminal signal peptide
Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs): 20 LRR motifs in extracellular domain for flagellin recognition
LRR C-terminal flanking region: Important for ligand binding
Transmembrane domain: Single pass alpha-helical transmembrane region
TIR domain: Toll/IL-1 receptor signaling domain

Structure-Function

Flagellin recognition occurs through LRR motifs
TIR domain initiates downstream signaling via MyD88 adaptor

Normal Function

TLR5 plays important roles in innate immunity:

Immune Recognition

Flagellin detection: Specifically recognizes bacterial flagellin
Pattern recognition: Part of innate immune surveillance
DAMP recognition: May recognize some endogenous ligands

Signaling Pathways

MyD88-dependent pathway: Rapid [NF-kB](/entities/nf-kb) and MAPK activation

Pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6

Immune cell activation: Activates neutrophils, macrophages

Cellular Functions

Phagocytosis: Enhances bacterial clearance
Cytokine production: Induces inflammatory mediators
Adaptive immunity: Bridges innate and adaptive immune responses

Role in Disease

Alzheimer Disease

TLR5 may influence AD through recognition of bacterial products
Gut microbiome-derived flagellin can activate TLR5
Modulates neuroinflammation through microglial activation

Parkinson Disease

TLR5 signaling in PD pathogenesis
[Gut-brain axis](/entities/gut-brain-axis) involvement via bacterial flagellin
May contribute to microglial activation in substantia nigra

Neuroinflammation

TLR5 on [microglia](/cell-types/microglia-neuroinflammation) can initiate inflammatory responses
Potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory conditions

Expression

| Cell Type | Expression Level | Notes |
|----------|-----------------|-------|
| Monocytes | High | Primary peripheral expression |
| Macrophages | High | Phagocytic cells |
| Neutrophils | High | First responders |
| Dendritic Cells | Moderate | Antigen presentation |
| Microglia | Moderate | Brain immune cells |
| Intestinal Epithelium | High | Barrier function |

Therapeutic Targeting

| Approach | Agent | Status | Notes |
|----------|-------|--------|-------|
| TLR5 Antagonists | Flagellin peptides | Research | Block flagellin binding |
| Anti-inflammatory | Natural compounds | Preclinical | Modulate signaling |
| [Microbiome](/entities/microbiome) Modulation | Diet/Probiotics | Investigational | Reduce flagellin exposure |

Protein Interactions

MyD88: Primary adaptor protein
[TLR4](/entities/tlr4): Can form heterodimers in some contexts
TIRAP: Adaptor protein
Mal: Signaling adaptor

Background

The study of Tlr5 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

[UniProt: TLR5](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9R279)
[PDB: TLR5](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-search?targetUrl=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/5gs0)
[NCBI Protein: TLR5](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/7099)

References

Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, et al, The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5 (2001)

Akira S, Takeda K, Toll-like receptor signalling (2004)

Sampson TR, Debelius JW, Thron T, et al, Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson disease (2016)

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Related Entities

TLR5PROTEIN

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📊 Evidence Profile

Evidence Balance

+0%

Certainty

45%

Debates

0

Incoming

9

Outgoing

11

0 supporting 0 contradicting 0 neutral

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📗 Cite This Artifact

TLR5 Protein

TLR5 Protein - Toll-Like Receptor 5

Introduction

Overview

Structure

TLR5 Protein - Toll-Like Receptor 5

Introduction

Overview

Structure

Domain Architecture

Structure-Function

Normal Function

Immune Recognition

Signaling Pathways

Cellular Functions

Role in Disease

Alzheimer Disease

Parkinson Disease

Neuroinflammation

Expression

Therapeutic Targeting

Protein Interactions

Background

See Also

External Links

References

💬 Discussion