PER3 Protein

PER3 Protein

Introduction

Per3 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infox-protein"> [@neurotrophic]
<table> [@cntf]
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;">PER3 — Period Circadian Regulator 3 Protein</th></tr> [@trophic]
<tr><td><strong>Protein Name</strong></td><td>Period Circadian Regulator 3</td></tr> [@neurodegeneration]
<tr><td><strong>Gene</strong></td><td>[PER3](/proteins/per3-protein)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td><td>Q8WY51</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>PDB Structure</strong></td><td>6CKP, 6M8O</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Molecular Weight</strong></td><td>121 kDa</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Subcellular Localization</strong></td><td>Nucleus, Cytoplasm</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Family</strong></td><td>PER family</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/cancer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/carcinoma" style="color:#ef9a9a">Carcinoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/tumor" style="color:#ef9a9a">Tumor</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">22 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

PER3 Protein

Introduction

Per3 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

<div class="infobox infox-protein"> [@neurotrophic]
<table> [@cntf]
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;">PER3 — Period Circadian Regulator 3 Protein</th></tr> [@trophic]
<tr><td><strong>Protein Name</strong></td><td>Period Circadian Regulator 3</td></tr> [@neurodegeneration]
<tr><td><strong>Gene</strong></td><td>[PER3](/proteins/per3-protein)</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>UniProt ID</strong></td><td>Q8WY51</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>PDB Structure</strong></td><td>6CKP, 6M8O</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Molecular Weight</strong></td><td>121 kDa</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Subcellular Localization</strong></td><td>Nucleus, Cytoplasm</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Protein Family</strong></td><td>PER family</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/cancer" style="color:#ef9a9a">Cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/carcinoma" style="color:#ef9a9a">Carcinoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/tumor" style="color:#ef9a9a">Tumor</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">22 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

PER3 (Period Circadian Regulator 3) is a core component of the circadian clock, forming part of the negative feedback loop with CLOCK and BMAL1. PER3 regulates circadian rhythms in response to light and is involved in sleep-wake cycle regulation. It interacts with other clock proteins to modulate gene expression.

In neurodegenerative diseases, circadian disruption is a common feature. PER3 polymorphisms are associated with sleep disorders and have been studied in relation to AD and PD. The gene is located on chromosome 1p36.23.

Key Points:

• Gene: PER3 (chromosome 1p36.23)
• Protein Class: Circadian clock protein
• Primary Localization: Nucleus
• Disease Associations: Sleep disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
• Therapeutic Relevance: Target for circadian modulation in neurodegeneration

Structure

The PER3 protein is a large (~121 kDa) circadian clock protein consisting of multiple functional domains:

Domain Architecture

Structural Studies

• Crystal structures of PER domains have been solved
• The PAS domains form characteristic antiparallel dimer structures
• CRY-binding interface mapped through structural studies

Normal Function

Circadian Clock Role

PER3 is a core component of the negative feedback loop in the mammalian circadian clock:

Physiological Functions

• Sleep-wake regulation: PER3 VNTR influences sleep propensity
• Cognitive performance: PER3 affects cognitive function during circadian misalignment
• Metabolic rhythms: PER3 regulates peripheral metabolic gene expression

Role in Disease

Sleep Disorders

• Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder: PER3 polymorphisms associated
• Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder: PER3 VNTR influences chronotype
• Shift Work Disorder: PER3 affects adaptation to shift work

Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

• PER3 expression is reduced in AD brain
• Circadian PER3 rhythm disrupted in AD
• May influence amyloid pathology

Parkinson's Disease

• PER3 dysregulation in PD peripheral tissues
• Contributes to REM sleep behavior disorder
• Circadian dysfunction in PD involves PER3

Psychiatric Disorders

• Bipolar disorder: PER3 variants associated with rapid cycling
• Major depression: Circadian disruption involves PER3

Therapeutic Targeting

Chronobiotics

• ROR agonists/antagonists: Modulate PER3 expression
• REV-ERB agonists: Affect PER3 transcription
• [HDAC](/entities/hdac-enzymes) inhibitors: May normalize PER3 rhythms

Sleep Disorders

• Light therapy: Can entrain PER3 rhythms
• Melatonin: Modulates PER3 function
• Sleep hygiene: Supports circadian PER3 function

Key Publications

See Also

• [PER3 Gene](/proteins/per3-protein)
• [PER2 Protein](/proteins/per2-protein)
• [CRY1 Protein](/proteins/cry1-protein)
• [BMAL1 Protein](/proteins/bmal1-protein)
• [Circadian Rhythm Pathway](/mechanisms/circadian-rhythm-disruption)

External Links

• [UniProt: PER3 (Q8WY51)](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8WY51)
• [PDB: PER3 Structures](https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6CKP)
• [NCBI Protein: PER3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/Q8WY51)

Background

The study of Per3 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

References

• [Circa-- [Sleep-Wake Cycle](/sleep-wake-cycle)

Exte- [PER3 Protein - UniProt](https://www.