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vglut1
vglut1
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">SLC17A7 (VGLUT1)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Symbol</td><td>SLC17A7</td></tr>
<tr><td>Protein Name</td><td>Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1</td></tr>[@takamori2008]
<tr><td>Chromosome</td><td>19q13.33</td></tr>[@fremeau2008]
<tr><td>NCBI Gene ID</td><td>[57030](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/57030)</td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM</td><td>[609025](https://omim.org/entry/609025)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ensembl</td><td>[ENSG00000177656](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/ENSG00000177656)</td></tr>
<tr><td>UniProt</td><td>[Q9H0Y9](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H0Y9)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Aliases</td><td>VGLUT1, BNPI</td></tr>
<tr><td>Protein Class</td><td>Vesicular glutamate transporter (SLC17 family)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Tissue Expression</td><td>Brain (cortex, hippocampus)</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/ms" style="color:#ef9a9a">Ms</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">9 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
Overview
SLC17A7 encodes Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 (VGLUT1), a critical protein responsible for packaging the neurotransmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles in excitatory neurons. VGLUT1 is the primary VGLUT in the forebrain, with highest expression in the [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex) and [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus)—the brain regions most affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD)[@fremeau2008].
vglut1
<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">SLC17A7 (VGLUT1)</th></tr>
<tr><td>Symbol</td><td>SLC17A7</td></tr>
<tr><td>Protein Name</td><td>Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1</td></tr>[@takamori2008]
<tr><td>Chromosome</td><td>19q13.33</td></tr>[@fremeau2008]
<tr><td>NCBI Gene ID</td><td>[57030](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/57030)</td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM</td><td>[609025](https://omim.org/entry/609025)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ensembl</td><td>[ENSG00000177656](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/ENSG00000177656)</td></tr>
<tr><td>UniProt</td><td>[Q9H0Y9](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H0Y9)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Aliases</td><td>VGLUT1, BNPI</td></tr>
<tr><td>Protein Class</td><td>Vesicular glutamate transporter (SLC17 family)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Tissue Expression</td><td>Brain (cortex, hippocampus)</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/ms" style="color:#ef9a9a">Ms</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">9 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
Overview
SLC17A7 encodes Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 (VGLUT1), a critical protein responsible for packaging the neurotransmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles in excitatory neurons. VGLUT1 is the primary VGLUT in the forebrain, with highest expression in the [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex) and [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus)—the brain regions most affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD)[@fremeau2008].
VGLUT1 belongs to the solute carrier family 17 (SLC17) and represents a key determinant of glutamatergic neurotransmission. The protein uses a proton gradient generated by the V-ATPase to drive glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles. Each VGLUT1 transporter can transport approximately 10,000 glutamate molecules per second, making it one of the fastest neurotransmitter transporters known[@takamori2008].
The three VGLUTs (VGLUT1, VGLUT2, VGLUT3) have distinct expression patterns and complementary roles. VGLUT1 is the main transporter in cortical and hippocampal excitatory neurons, where it determines the capacity and properties of glutamatergic transmission[@wojcik2004].
Normal Function
Glutamate Packaging
VGLUT1 is essential for packing glutamate into synaptic vesicles[@herzog2009]:
Transport Mechanism:
- Uses the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the vesicle membrane as the driving force
- One proton exchanged per glutamate molecule transported
- V-ATPase maintains the proton gradient by hydrolyzing ATP
- Transport is Cl^- dependent and voltage-dependent
- Synaptic vesicles contain ~5-10 mM glutamate when fully loaded
- VGLUT1 expression levels determine quantal size (amount of glutamate per vesicle)
- Multiple VGLUT1 molecules per vesicle ensure rapid loading
Expression Patterns
VGLUT1 shows a highly specific expression pattern[@hnasko2010][@kashani2008]:
Brain Regions:
- Cerebral cortex: Highest in layers II-III and V (pyramidal neurons)
- Hippocampus: CA1-CA3 pyramidal cells, dentate gyrus granule cells
- Olfactory bulb: Mitral and tufted cells
- Thalamus: Specific relay nuclei
- Exclusively expressed in glutamatergic (excitatory) neurons
- Co-expressed with VGLUT2 in some cortical interneurons (cholinergic)
- Not expressed in GABAergic neurons
- VGLUT1 expression increases during development
- Peaks in adulthood
- Declines with age
Synaptic Function
VGLUT1 critically determines synaptic properties[@wojcik2004]:
Quantal Parameters:
- Higher VGLUT1 = larger quantal size
- Determines synaptic strength
- Affects short-term plasticity
- Rapid loading enables high-frequency transmission
- Critical for sustained excitatory signaling
- Essential for synaptic vesicle replenishment
Role in Alzheimer's Disease
Evidence for VGLUT1 Dysregulation
Multiple studies document VGLUT1 alterations in AD[@bai2021][@masri2022][@hernandez2023]:
Postmortem Studies:
- Significant reduction in VGLUT1 protein in AD cortex and hippocampus
- Loss correlates with disease severity (Braak stage)
- Decreased VGLUT1 mRNA levels in AD brain
- Reduced VGLUT1 immunoreactivity in synaptic terminals
- Novel VGLUT1 PET ligands allow in vivo imaging
- VGLUT1 binding reduced in AD patients vs. controls
- Changes detectable in early-stage (MCI) patients
- Correlates with cognitive performance
- Aβ directly reduces VGLUT1 expression[@yang2023]
- Epigenetic dysregulation (promoter methylation) of VGLUT1[@zhou2022]
- Loss of VGLUT1 contributes to synaptic dysfunction
Mechanisms of VGLUT1 Loss
Amyloid-beta Effects:
- Aβ oligomers bind to excitatory neurons
- Downregulate VGLUT1 transcription
- Reduce synaptic vesicle numbers
- Impair glutamate packaging efficiency
- Hyperphosphorylated tau affects excitatory synapses
- Reduces VGLUT1-positive terminals
- Contributes to synaptic loss
- Epigenetic silencing of SLC17A7 gene[@zhou2022]
- Altered promoter methylation patterns
- Reduced transcription factor binding
Consequences of VGLUT1 Loss
Synaptic Transmission:
- Reduced glutamate release
- Impaired excitatory synaptic transmission
- Decreased synaptic plasticity
- Hypofunction of cortical circuits
- Memory and learning deficits
- Network disconnectivity
- Paradoxically, reduced VGLUT1 can lead to compensatory changes
- Upregulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors
- Increased excitotoxicity susceptibility
Role in Parkinson's Disease
While less studied than in AD, VGLUT1 is relevant to PD[@kumar2021]:
Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction:
- Substantia nigra pars compacta inputs to striatum use VGLUT1
- Dysregulated glutamate transmission contributes to PD pathophysiology
- L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia involves VGLUT2 changes
- VGLUT1 alterations in PD cortex
- May contribute to non-motor symptoms
- Therapeutic target potential
Therapeutic Implications
VGLUT1 as Therapeutic Target
Restoring VGLUT1 function could benefit AD patients[@tang2024]:
| Strategy | Approach | Stage | Evidence |
|----------|----------|-------|----------|
| Gene therapy | Restore VGLUT1 expression | Preclinical | Mouse models show benefit |
| Small molecules | Enhance VGLUT1 promoter activity | Research | In vitro studies |
| Epigenetic modulators | Reverse promoter methylation | Early research | AD brain studies |
| Vesicle-targeted | Enhance vesicular glutamate loading | Preclinical | Drug screening |
Neuroprotective Approaches
Biomarker Potential
VGLUT1 PET imaging could serve as a biomarker:
- Early detection of synaptic loss
- Disease progression monitoring
- Treatment response assessment
Synaptic Vesicle Cycle
Key Publications
See Also
- [Glutamate Signaling Pathway](/mechanisms/glutamate-signaling)
- [Excitatory Synapse](/cell-types/excitatory-neurons)
- [Synaptic Transmission](/mechanisms/synaptic-transmission)
- [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
- [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
- [Synaptic Vesicle Cycle](/mechanisms/synaptic-vesicle-cycle)
Synaptic Vesicle Cycle in Detail
Vesicle Pool Organization
Synaptic vesicles exist in distinct pools:
Readily Releasable Pool (RRP):
- Docked at active zone
- Immediately available for release
- ~1-5% of total vesicles
- Release triggered by single action potential
- Docking requires SNARE proteins
- Munc13 and Munc18 orchestrate priming
- RIM proteins regulate Ca²⁺ channel proximity
- VGLUT1 critical for filling these vesicles
- Clustered away from active zone
- Mobilized during sustained activity
- VGLUT1 expression determines capacity
- Synapsin regulates pool size
Vesicle Cycling Steps
Endocytosis:
- Clathrin-mediated retrieval
- Dynamin-mediated scission
- VGLUT1 recycled with vesicle
- Requires synaptic activity
- V-ATPase restores proton gradient
- VGLUT1 becomes active again
- Ready for new glutamate loading
- VGLUT1 loads glutamate
- Chloride dependency
- Size determination by VGLUT1 levels
Molecular Regulation
SNARE Complex:
- Synaptobrevin (v-SNARE)
- Syntaxin (t-SNARE)
- SNAP-25 (t-SNARE)
- Regulated by Munc13, Munc18
- Synaptotagmin 1 primary sensor
- Triggers fusion
- Synchronizes release
- Piccolo, Bassoon at active zone
- RIM for vesicle positioning
- ELKS for active zone scaffold
Brain Region-Specific Functions
Cortex
VGLUT1 in cortical circuits:
Layer-Specific Expression:
- Layer II/III: Highest expression
- Layer V: High expression
- Layer IV: Moderate levels
- Excitatory pyramidal neurons
- Feedforward and feedback pathways
- Intracortical connections
- Sensory processing
- Motor planning
- Higher cognitive functions
Hippocampus
VGLUT1 in hippocampal circuitry:
CA1 Region:
- CA1 pyramidal cells
- Schaffer collateral terminals
- Mossy fiber input (VGLUT3)
- Granule cell axons (mossy fibers)
- Molecular layer interconnections
- Pattern separation
- LTP at Schaffer collateral synapses
- Pattern completion
- Spatial navigation
Cerebellum
Parallel Fiber VGLUT2:
- Cerebellar cortex uses VGLUT2
- Different from cortical pattern
- Climbing fiber input (VGLUT2)
- Motor learning
VGLUT1 in Disease Models
Alzheimer's Disease Models
APP/PS1 Mice:
- Reduced VGLUT1 expression
- Synaptic vesicle deficits
- Memory impairments
- VGLUT1 loss with tau pathology
- Synaptic dysfunction
- Progression correlation
- VGLUT1 restoration experiments
- Behavioral improvements
- Mechanism studies
Parkinson's Disease Models
MPTP Models:
- VGLUT1 changes in substantia nigra
- Cortical alterations
- Motor deficits
- Presynaptic deficits
- Vesicle cycling impairment
- Progressive degeneration
Other Neurodegenerative Models
Huntington's Disease:
- VGLUT1 downregulation
- Excitatory transmission deficits
- Therapeutic targeting
- VGLUT1 changes
- Synaptic loss
- Network dysfunction
Therapeutic Approaches
Gene Therapy Strategies
Viral Vectors:
- AAV serotypes for CNS delivery
- Synapsin promoter for specificity
- Reporter systems for monitoring
- Overexpression approaches
- Endogenous promoter activation
- Regulated expression
- Appropriate expression levels
- Cell-type specificity
- Long-term stability
Small Molecule Approaches
Promoter Activation:
- Transcriptional enhancers
- Epigenetic modulators
- Activity-dependent agents
- VGLUT1 trafficking enhancers
- Synaptic vesicle optimization
- Metabolic support
Combination Strategies
With Anti-Amyloid Approaches:
- Beta-secretase inhibitors
- Anti-Aβ antibodies
- Vaccination strategies
- Antioxidants
- Neurotrophic factors
- Metabolic enhancers
Biomarker Development
PET Ligands:
- First-generation VGLUT1 PET
- Second-generation improved ligands
- Clinical translation
- VGLUT1 protein measurement
- Synaptic dysfunction markers
- Disease progression indicators
Interaction Network
Presynaptic Proteins
Synaptic Vesicle Proteins:
- Synaptophysin
- Synaptotagmin 1
- SV2 family
- VAMP2 (synaptobrevin)
- RIM1/2
- Munc13 family
- Bassoon
- Piccolo
Signaling Pathways
Presynaptic Regulation:
- PKA-mediated phosphorylation
- CaMKII modulation
- MAPK pathway
- mTOR signaling
- Long-term potentiation
- Long-term depression
- Homeostatic plasticity
Genetic Considerations
SLC17A7 Variants
Polymorphisms:
- Common variants in population
- Expression quantitative traits
- Disease association studies
- Pathogenic variants identified
- Epilepsy associations
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
Epigenetic Regulation
DNA Methylation:
- Promoter methylation changes in AD
- Correlation with expression
- Biomarker potential
- Transcriptional regulation
- Therapeutic targeting
Comparison with Other VGLUTs
VGLUT1 vs VGLUT2
Expression Differences:
- VGLUT1: Cortex, hippocampus
- VGLUT2: Subcortical structures, thalamus
- Complementary patterns
- VGLUT1: Higher-affinity transport
- VGLUT2: Higher capacity
- Region-specific roles
- VGLUT1 loss more cortical
- VGLUT2 changes more subcortical
- Combined targeting strategies
VGLUT3
Expression Pattern:
- Different brain regions
- Non-glutamatergic neurons (serotonin, acetylcholine)
- Co-release functionality
- Neuromodulator roles
- Different disease implications
- Distinct therapeutic targeting
Research Tools
Mouse Models
Knockout Mice:
- Slc17a7 null mice
- VGLUT1 conditional knockouts
- Reporter lines
- APP/PS1 × VGLUT1 crosses
- Tau × VGLUT1 crosses
- Alpha-synuclein × VGLUT1
Electrophysiology
Presynaptic Recordings:
- Paired recordings
- EPSC analysis
- Short-term plasticity
- FM dye imaging
- Synapto-pHluorin
- Glutamate sensors
Clinical Considerations
Diagnostic Applications
Early Detection:
- VGLUT1 PET for early AD
- CSF markers
- Correlation with cognition
- AD vs other dementias
- Disease staging
- Subtype classification
Therapeutic Monitoring
Target Engagement:
- VGLUT1 expression changes
- Functional readouts
- Treatment response
- Longitudinal changes
- Biomarker validation
- Clinical correlation
External Links
- [NCBI Gene: SLC17A7](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/57030)
- [UniProt: Q9H0Y9](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H0Y9)
- [Ensembl: ENSG00000177656](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/ENSG00000177656)
- [OMIM: 609025](https://omim.org/entry/609025)
- [PubMed: VGLUT1 Alzheimer's disease](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=VGLUT1+Alzheimerflowchart TD
B --> C["Vesicle ready at active zone"]
C --> D["Ca2+ influx triggers fusion"]
D --> E["Glutamate released into cleft"]
E --> F["Receptor activation on postsynaptic neuron"]
F --> G["Vesicle recycled via endocytosis"]
G --> B
style A fill:#0a1929,stroke:#333
style B fill:#0e2e10,stroke:#333
style E fill:#3b1114,stroke:#333
Key Publications
See Also
- [Glutamate Signaling Pathway](/mechanisms/glutamate-signaling)
- [Excitatory Synapse](/cell-types/excitatory-neurons)
- [Synaptic Transmission](/mechanisms/synaptic-transmission)
- [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
- [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
- [Synaptic Vesicle Cycle](/mechanisms/synaptic-vesicle-cycle)
Synaptic Vesicle Cycle in Detail
Vesicle Pool Organization
Synaptic vesicles exist in distinct pools:
Readily Releasable Pool (RRP):
- Docked at active zone
- Immediately available for release
- ~1-5% of total vesicles
- Release triggered by single action potential
- Docking requires SNARE proteins
- Munc13 and Munc18 orchestrate priming
- RIM proteins regulate Ca²⁺ channel proximity
- VGLUT1 critical for filling these vesicles
- Clustered away from active zone
- Mobilized during sustained activity
- VGLUT1 expression determines capacity
- Synapsin regulates pool size
Vesicle Cycling Steps
Endocytosis:
- Clathrin-mediated retrieval
- Dynamin-mediated scission
- VGLUT1 recycled with vesicle
- Requires synaptic activity
- V-ATPase restores proton gradient
- VGLUT1 becomes active again
- Ready for new glutamate loading
- VGLUT1 loads glutamate
- Chloride dependency
- Size determination by VGLUT1 levels
Molecular Regulation
SNARE Complex:
- Synaptobrevin (v-SNARE)
- Syntaxin (t-SNARE)
- SNAP-25 (t-SNARE)
- Regulated by Munc13, Munc18
- Synaptotagmin 1 primary sensor
- Triggers fusion
- Synchronizes release
- Piccolo, Bassoon at active zone
- RIM for vesicle positioning
- ELKS for active zone scaffold
Brain Region-Specific Functions
Cortex
VGLUT1 in cortical circuits:
Layer-Specific Expression:
- Layer II/III: Highest expression
- Layer V: High expression
- Layer IV: Moderate levels
- Excitatory pyramidal neurons
- Feedforward and feedback pathways
- Intracortical connections
- Sensory processing
- Motor planning
- Higher cognitive functions
Hippocampus
VGLUT1 in hippocampal circuitry:
CA1 Region:
- CA1 pyramidal cells
- Schaffer collateral terminals
- Mossy fiber input (VGLUT3)
- Granule cell axons (mossy fibers)
- Molecular layer interconnections
- Pattern separation
- LTP at Schaffer collateral synapses
- Pattern completion
- Spatial navigation
Cerebellum
Parallel Fiber VGLUT2:
- Cerebellar cortex uses VGLUT2
- Different from cortical pattern
- Climbing fiber input (VGLUT2)
- Motor learning
VGLUT1 in Disease Models
Alzheimer's Disease Models
APP/PS1 Mice:
- Reduced VGLUT1 expression
- Synaptic vesicle deficits
- Memory impairments
- VGLUT1 loss with tau pathology
- Synaptic dysfunction
- Progression correlation
- VGLUT1 restoration experiments
- Behavioral improvements
- Mechanism studies
Parkinson's Disease Models
MPTP Models:
- VGLUT1 changes in substantia nigra
- Cortical alterations
- Motor deficits
- Presynaptic deficits
- Vesicle cycling impairment
- Progressive degeneration
Other Neurodegenerative Models
Huntington's Disease:
- VGLUT1 downregulation
- Excitatory transmission deficits
- Therapeutic targeting
- VGLUT1 changes
- Synaptic loss
- Network dysfunction
Therapeutic Approaches
Gene Therapy Strategies
Viral Vectors:
- AAV serotypes for CNS delivery
- Synapsin promoter for specificity
- Reporter systems for monitoring
- Overexpression approaches
- Endogenous promoter activation
- Regulated expression
- Appropriate expression levels
- Cell-type specificity
- Long-term stability
Small Molecule Approaches
Promoter Activation:
- Transcriptional enhancers
- Epigenetic modulators
- Activity-dependent agents
- VGLUT1 trafficking enhancers
- Synaptic vesicle optimization
- Metabolic support
Combination Strategies
With Anti-Amyloid Approaches:
- Beta-secretase inhibitors
- Anti-Aβ antibodies
- Vaccination strategies
- Antioxidants
- Neurotrophic factors
- Metabolic enhancers
Biomarker Development
PET Ligands:
- First-generation VGLUT1 PET
- Second-generation improved ligands
- Clinical translation
- VGLUT1 protein measurement
- Synaptic dysfunction markers
- Disease progression indicators
Interaction Network
Presynaptic Proteins
Synaptic Vesicle Proteins:
- Synaptophysin
- Synaptotagmin 1
- SV2 family
- VAMP2 (synaptobrevin)
- RIM1/2
- Munc13 family
- Bassoon
- Piccolo
Signaling Pathways
Presynaptic Regulation:
- PKA-mediated phosphorylation
- CaMKII modulation
- MAPK pathway
- mTOR signaling
- Long-term potentiation
- Long-term depression
- Homeostatic plasticity
Genetic Considerations
SLC17A7 Variants
Polymorphisms:
- Common variants in population
- Expression quantitative traits
- Disease association studies
- Pathogenic variants identified
- Epilepsy associations
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
Epigenetic Regulation
DNA Methylation:
- Promoter methylation changes in AD
- Correlation with expression
- Biomarker potential
- Transcriptional regulation
- Therapeutic targeting
Comparison with Other VGLUTs
VGLUT1 vs VGLUT2
Expression Differences:
- VGLUT1: Cortex, hippocampus
- VGLUT2: Subcortical structures, thalamus
- Complementary patterns
- VGLUT1: Higher-affinity transport
- VGLUT2: Higher capacity
- Region-specific roles
- VGLUT1 loss more cortical
- VGLUT2 changes more subcortical
- Combined targeting strategies
VGLUT3
Expression Pattern:
- Different brain regions
- Non-glutamatergic neurons (serotonin, acetylcholine)
- Co-release functionality
- Neuromodulator roles
- Different disease implications
- Distinct therapeutic targeting
Research Tools
Mouse Models
Knockout Mice:
- Slc17a7 null mice
- VGLUT1 conditional knockouts
- Reporter lines
- APP/PS1 × VGLUT1 crosses
- Tau × VGLUT1 crosses
- Alpha-synuclein × VGLUT1
Electrophysiology
Presynaptic Recordings:
- Paired recordings
- EPSC analysis
- Short-term plasticity
- FM dye imaging
- Synapto-pHluorin
- Glutamate sensors
Clinical Considerations
Diagnostic Applications
Early Detection:
- VGLUT1 PET for early AD
- CSF markers
- Correlation with cognition
- AD vs other dementias
- Disease staging
- Subtype classification
Therapeutic Monitoring
Target Engagement:
- VGLUT1 expression changes
- Functional readouts
- Treatment response
- Longitudinal changes
- Biomarker validation
- Clinical correlation
External Links
- [NCBI Gene: SLC17A7](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/57030)
- [UniProt: Q9H0Y9](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H0Y9)
- [Ensembl: ENSG00000177656](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/ENSG00000177656)
- [OMIM: 609025](https://omim.org/entry/609025)
- [PubMed: VGLUT1 Alzheimer's disease](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=VGLUT1+Alzheimer)
Pathway Diagram
The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving vglut1 discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis:
▸Metadataorigin_type: v1_polymorphic_backfill
| slug | genes-vglut1 |
| kg_node_id | VGLUT1 |
| entity_type | gene |
| origin_type | v1_polymorphic_backfill |
| source_table | wiki_pages |
| wiki_page_id | wp-5ed2e5a23464 |
| __merged_from | {'merged_at': '2026-05-13', 'unprefixed_id': 'genes-vglut1'} |
| _schema_version | 1 |
No provenance edges found
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