| Amyloid-beta plaques | Extracellular deposits of Aβ peptides (Aβ40, Aβ42) |
| Neurofibrillary tangles | Intracellular tau protein aggregates (paired helical filaments) |
| Neuronal loss | Progressive death of synapses and neurons, particularly in hippocampus and cortex |
| Neuroinflammation | chronic activation of microglia and astrocytes; the NF-κB Signaling pathway regulates this response |
| Synaptic dysfunction | Early loss of synaptic markers and function |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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