PER1 Gene

PER1 Gene

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">PER1 Gene</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>PER1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Name</td>
<td>Period Circadian Regulator 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosome</td>
<td>17p13.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>[5441](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5441)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">OMIM ID</td>
<td>[602260](https://www.omim.org/entry/602260)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>[ENSG00000132359](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000132359)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>[O15055](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15055/entry)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td>Neurodegenerative Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Cancer, Metabolic Syndrome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Categories</td>
<td>[Circadian Rhythm](/mechanisms/circadian-rhythm), [Transcriptional Regulation](/mechanisms/transcriptional-regulation), [Cell Cycle](/mechanisms/cell-cycle)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Per1 Gene is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

.infobox .infobox-gene [@circadiancell2019]

Overview

PER1 Gene

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">PER1 Gene</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Symbol</td>
<td>PER1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Gene Name</td>
<td>Period Circadian Regulator 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosome</td>
<td>17p13.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>[5441](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5441)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">OMIM ID</td>
<td>[602260](https://www.omim.org/entry/602260)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>[ENSG00000132359](https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000132359)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>[O15055](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15055/entry)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td>Neurodegenerative Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Cancer, Metabolic Syndrome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Categories</td>
<td>[Circadian Rhythm](/mechanisms/circadian-rhythm), [Transcriptional Regulation](/mechanisms/transcriptional-regulation), [Cell Cycle](/mechanisms/cell-cycle)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Per1 Gene is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

.infobox .infobox-gene [@circadiancell2019]

Overview

PER1 (Period Circadian Regulator 1) is a core circadian clock gene essential for maintaining daily rhythms in mammals. This gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in the negative feedback loop governing the circadian clock, regulating not only sleep-wake cycles but also numerous physiological processes including hormone secretion, metabolism, and cellular function. Dysregulation of PER1 has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, sleep disorders, and metabolic conditions, making it an important therapeutic target [1][2].

Function

PER1 (Period Circadian Regulator 1) is a core component of the mammalian circadian clock. Together with PER2 and PER3, PER1 forms the negative feedback loop that generates circadian rhythms in gene expression and behavior[@per2020].

Molecular Clock Mechanism

The circadian clock operates through a transcription-translation feedback loop:

Functions Beyond Circadian Rhythm

PER1 has additional roles:

• Cell Cycle Regulation: Links circadian clock to cell proliferation[@circadiancell2019]
• Metabolism: Regulates glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism
• Memory: Involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity
• DNA Damage Response: PER1 participates in DNA repair pathways

Role in Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

Circadian disturbances are common in AD, and PER1 dysregulation contributes to:

• Sleep-wake cycle fragmentation
• Sundowning syndrome
• Cognitive decline progression[@per2021]
• Interaction with amyloid pathology

Parkinson's Disease

PER1 alterations in PD:

• Disrupted circadian rhythms in PD patients
• Altered PER1 expression in dopaminergic [neurons](/entities/neurons)
• Links to sleep disorders in PD

Stroke and Brain Injury

PER1 responds to brain injury:

• Acute ischemia alters PER1 expression
• Circadian timing affects stroke outcomes
• Therapeutic potential of chronotherapy

Therapeutic Implications

Chronotherapy

Timing of treatments based on circadian rhythms:

• Optimizing drug administration times
• Light therapy for circadian disorders
• Circadian-aligned behavioral interventions

Cancer

PER1 dysregulation in cancer:

• Altered PER1 in various tumors
• Links between circadian disruption and carcinogenesis
• Chronochemotherapy approaches

Disease Associations

• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [Sleep Disorders](/diseases/sleep-disorders)
• [Depression](/diseases/depression)

Key Publications

Background

The study of Per1 Gene has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) - Biomedical literature
• [Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative](https://adni.loni.usc.edu/) - Research data
• [Allen Brain Atlas](https://brain-map.org/) - Brain gene expression data

See Also

• [PER2 - Circadian regulator 2](/mechanisms/dian)
• [CLOCK - Circadian clock gene](/genes/clock)
• [BMAL1](/proteins/arntl)
• [Circadian Rhythm Pathway](/mechanisms/dian)
• [Sleep [Mechanisms](/mechanisms)](/mechanisms)

References

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving PER1 Gene discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: