Potential Impact Measures — Neurodegeneration

Potential Impact Measures — Neurodegeneration

Purpose

This page quantifies the human and economic impact of neurodegenerative diseases to identify where therapeutic innovation would have the greatest effect. It serves as a reference for prioritizing research, clinical trials, and investment decisions.

Indications by Forecast Patient Population

Global Patient Forecasts (2025-2035)

| Indication | 2025 Est. | 2030 Forecast | 2035 Forecast | Growth Driver |
|------------|-----------|--------------|--------------|---------------|
| Alzheimer's Disease | ~55M worldwide | ~70M | ~85M | Aging demographics, improved diagnosis |
| Parkinson's Disease | ~10M worldwide | ~13M | ~17M | Aging, environmental exposure |
| ALS | ~350K worldwide | ~400K | ~450K | Better ascertainment |
| FTD | ~1M worldwide | ~1.3M | ~1.6M | Improved recognition |
| Huntington's Disease | ~45K (US) | ~55K | ~65K | Genetic testing uptake |
| PSP | ~70K (US) | ~90K | ~110K | Better diagnosis |
| CBS | ~30K (US) | ~40K | ~50K | Better recognition |
| MSA | ~55K (US) | ~65K | ~75K | Stable |

Sources: GBD 2024, Alzheimer's Association 2025

Patient Population by Country/Region

Detail pages for each region — dedicated epidemiology pages with comprehensive data:

Potential Impact Measures — Neurodegeneration

Purpose

This page quantifies the human and economic impact of neurodegenerative diseases to identify where therapeutic innovation would have the greatest effect. It serves as a reference for prioritizing research, clinical trials, and investment decisions.

Indications by Forecast Patient Population

Global Patient Forecasts (2025-2035)

| Indication | 2025 Est. | 2030 Forecast | 2035 Forecast | Growth Driver |
|------------|-----------|--------------|--------------|---------------|
| Alzheimer's Disease | ~55M worldwide | ~70M | ~85M | Aging demographics, improved diagnosis |
| Parkinson's Disease | ~10M worldwide | ~13M | ~17M | Aging, environmental exposure |
| ALS | ~350K worldwide | ~400K | ~450K | Better ascertainment |
| FTD | ~1M worldwide | ~1.3M | ~1.6M | Improved recognition |
| Huntington's Disease | ~45K (US) | ~55K | ~65K | Genetic testing uptake |
| PSP | ~70K (US) | ~90K | ~110K | Better diagnosis |
| CBS | ~30K (US) | ~40K | ~50K | Better recognition |
| MSA | ~55K (US) | ~65K | ~75K | Stable |

Sources: GBD 2024, Alzheimer's Association 2025

Patient Population by Country/Region

Detail pages for each region — dedicated epidemiology pages with comprehensive data:

• United States — [US Neurodegeneration Epidemiology](/diseases/us-neurodegeneration-epidemiology)
• 7.2M Alzheimer's, 1.5M Parkinson's, ~$700B economic burden
• Europe — [European Neurodegeneration Epidemiology](/diseases/european-neurodegeneration-epidemiology)
• 14-17M Alzheimer's, 4-5M Parkinson's, ~€250B economic burden
• China — [China Neurodegeneration Epidemiology](/diseases/china-neurodegeneration-epidemiology)
• 15-20M Alzheimer's, 8-10M Parkinson's, ~$100B economic burden (fastest growth)
• Japan — [Japan Neurodegeneration Epidemiology](/diseases/japan-neurodegeneration-epidemiology)
• 7M Alzheimer's, 1.3M Parkinson's, super-aging society challenges
• India — [India Neurodegeneration Epidemiology](/diseases/india-neurodegeneration-epidemiology)
• 8-10M Alzheimer's, 5-7M Parkinson's, 2050 projections: 40M+ dementia
• Global — [Global Neurodegeneration Epidemiology](/diseases/global-neurodegeneration-epidemiology)
• 55-60M dementia worldwide, 130M projected by 2050

Indications by DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years)

Global DALYs (GBD 2024 Data)

| Indication | DALYs (millions/year) | YLLs | YLDs | Rank (Neurological) | Trend |
|------------|----------------------|------|------|---------------------|-------|
| Alzheimer's/Dementia | ~33.5 | ~20.5 | ~13.0 | #1 | ↑ Rising (GBD 2024) |
| Parkinson's Disease | ~6.8 | ~3.2 | ~3.6 | #2 | ↑ Rising |
| Motor Neuron Disease (ALS) | ~2.4 | ~2.1 | ~0.3 | #3 | → Stable |
| Other dementias (FTD, LBD, VD) | ~4.2 | ~2.5 | ~1.7 | #4 | ↑ Rising |
| Huntington's Disease | ~0.6 | ~0.35 | ~0.25 | — | → Stable |
| Frontotemporal Dementia | ~0.8 | ~0.3 | ~0.5 | — | ↑ Rising |

GBD 2024 Validation Notes:

• YLL (Years of Life Lost): premature mortality — high for ALS, moderate for AD/PD
• YLD (Years Lived with Disability): chronic burden — high for AD/PD (long disease course)
• DALY = YLL + YLD — total disease burden

DALY Breakdown by Component

• YLL (Years of Life Lost) — premature mortality. High for ALS (rapid death), moderate for AD (late-onset)
• YLD (Years Lived with Disability) — chronic disability burden. High for AD/PD (long disease course), lower for ALS (short survival)
• DALY = YLL + YLD — total disease burden

Economic Burden

| Indication | Global Annual Cost | Per-Patient/Year | Major Cost Driver |
|------------|-------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
| Alzheimer's/Dementia | ~$1.5 trillion (2025) | ~$27K | Informal caregiving (40%), residential care (30%) |
| Parkinson's Disease | ~$60B (US only), ~$120B (global) | ~$26K | Medication, hospitalization, lost productivity |
| ALS | ~$6B (US only) | ~$150K | Equipment, caregiving, lost income |
| FTD | ~$15B (US only) | ~$30K | Caregiving, facility care |
| Huntington's Disease | ~$3B (US only) | ~$72K | Lost productivity, caregiving |
| Vascular Dementia | ~$200B (global) | ~$20K | Cardiovascular comorbidities |

Source: GBD 2024, Alzheimer's Association 2025, Parkinson's Foundation 2024

Detail: [Economic Burden of Neurodegeneration](/diseases/economic-burden-neurodegeneration)

Impact Prioritization Matrix

| Indication | Patient Volume | DALY Burden | Unmet Need | Genetic Tractability | Therapeutic Opportunity Score |
|------------|---------------|-------------|------------|---------------------|-------------------------------|
| Alzheimer's Disease | Very High | Very High | Very High | Moderate | 8.5/10 — Largest market, emerging anti-amyloid/tau therapies, biomarker advances |
| Parkinson's Disease | High | High | High | High (LRRK2, GBA, SNCA) | 8/10 — Strong genetic targets, alpha-synuclein therapies in trials |
| ALS | Low | Moderate | Very High | High (SOD1, C9orf72, FUS) | 7/10 — Genetic subtypes respond, gene therapy breakthroughs |
| FTD | Low | Moderate | Very High | High (GRN, C9orf72, MAPT) | 7/10 — Underdiagnosed, significant genetic etiology |
| Huntington's Disease | Very Low | Low | Very High | Very High (HTT) | 9/10 — Monogenic, gene-silencing therapies working |
| PSP | Low | Moderate | Very High | Moderate (MAPT) | 6/10 — Tau-targeting trials emerging |
| CBS | Very Low | Low | Very High | Moderate | 5/10 — Limited pipelines, tau mechanisms |
| MSA | Very Low | Low | Very High | Moderate (GBA, COQ2) | 5/10 — Synuclein-focused, early trials |

Scoring methodology: Volume (1-3) + DALY (1-3) + Unmet Need (1-3) + Genetics (1-3) = Total (4-12, scaled to /10)

Cross-Links

• [Disease Prevalence](/diseases/disease-prevalence)
• [Epidemiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases](/diseases/epidemiology-neurodegenerative-diseases)
• [PSP Epidemiology](/diseases/psp-epidemiology)
• [ALS Therapeutic Landscape](/therapeutics/als-therapeutic-landscape)
• [Cure Roadmap for CBS/PSP](/mechanisms/cbs-psp-cure-roadmap)