PANX1 Gene

PANX1 Gene

Introduction

PANX1 Gene

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-gene">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">PANX1 Gene</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Symbol</td>
<td>PANX1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Full Name</td>
<td>Pannexin 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Chromosomal Location</td>
<td>11q14.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">NCBI Gene ID</td>
<td>9399</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">OMIM ID</td>
<td>608421</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Ensembl ID</td>
<td>ENSG00000110234</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">UniProt ID</td>
<td>Q96HY7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein Size</td>
<td>426 amino acids</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Molecular Weight</td>
<td>~48 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Approach</td>
<td>Strategy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Probenecid</td>
<td>Channel blocker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Carbenoxolone</td>
<td>Gap junction/hemichannel blocker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">BBG (Brilliant Blue G)</td>
<td>P2X7-PANX1 inhibitor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Selective peptides</td>
<td>Channel blockers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Associated Diseases</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">ALS</a>, <a href="/wiki/aging" style="color:#ef9a9a">Aging</a>, <a href="/wiki/als" style="color:#ef9a9a">Als</a>, <a href="/wiki/covid" style="color:#ef9a9a">Covid</a>, <a href="/wiki/inflammation" style="color:#ef9a9a">Inflammation</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">SciDEX Hypotheses</td>
<td><a href="/hypothesis/h-9adb5c9e" style="color:#ce93d8" title="Score: 0.47">Gap Junction Hemichannel Modulation for ...</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">KG Connections</td>
<td><a href="/atlas" style="color:#4fc3f7">74 edges</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

The PANX1 gene (Pannexin 1) encodes a channel protein that forms large-pore channels in the plasma membrane. PANX1 channels allow the passage of ions and small molecules (<1 kDa), including ATP, and play important roles in intercellular communication, inflammation, and cell death["@pelegrin2006"]. In the nervous system, PANX1 is involved in synaptic transmission, neuroinflammation, and various neurological disorders.

Gene Information

Protein Structure

PANX1 forms a unique channel structure:

• Four Transmembrane Domains: Create the channel pore
• Two Extracellular Loops: Involved in channel gating
• One Intracellular Loop: Regulatory interactions
• N- and C-termini: Located intracellularly

Normal Cellular Function

Intercellular Communication

• ATP Release: Major pathway for ATP release from cells
• Calcium Wave Propagation: Mediates intercellular calcium signaling
• Hemichannel Function: Acts as unapposed hemichannels

Neuronal Function

• Synaptic Transmission: Modulates excitatory synaptic transmission
• Neuronal Excitability: Regulates membrane potential
• Glial Signaling: Communication between neurons and glia

Immune Responses

• Inflammasome Activation: PANX1 channels activate NLRP3 inflammasome
• Cytokine Release: Facilitates inflammatory cytokine release
• Phagocytosis: Affects immune cell function

Expression Pattern

PANX1 is widely expressed:

• Brain: Neurons, astrocytes, microglia
• Immune System: T-cells, B-cells, macrophages
• Cardiovascular System: Endothelial cells
• Other tissues: Widely expressed

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

• Amyloid-beta Channels: Aβ forms channels similar to PANX1
• Neuronal Death: Contributes to Aβ-induced toxicity
• Neuroinflammation: NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Parkinson's Disease

• Dopaminergic Neuron Death: PANX1 activation in substantia nigra
• Neuroinflammation: Microglial PANX1 activation
• Therapeutic Target: PANX1 blockers being investigated

Stroke and Brain Injury

• Ischemic Damage: PANX1 contributes to ischemic neuronal death
• Traumatic Brain Injury: Activation following injury
• Therapeutic Potential: PANX1 inhibitors show protection

Epilepsy

• Seizure Activity: PANX1 channels open during seizures
• Neuronal HyperExcitability: Contributes to hyperexcitability

Channel Regulation

PANX1 channels are regulated by:

• Calcium: Activated by intracellular calcium
• Voltage: Voltage-dependent gating
• Protein Interactions: Interaction with P2X7 receptor
• Cleavage: Caspase cleavage activates channels

Therapeutic Targeting

See Also

• [Pannexin Channels](/mechanisms/pannexin-channels)
• [ATP Signaling](/mechanisms/atp-signaling)
• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
• [Neuroinflammation](/mechanisms/neuroinflammation)
• [Cell Death Pathways](/mechanisms/cell-death-pathways)

External Links

• [NCBI Gene: PANX1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9399)
• [UniProt: Q96HY7](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q96HY7)
• [GeneCards: PANX1](https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PANX1)

References

Related Hypotheses

From the [SciDEX Exchange](/exchange) — scored by multi-agent debate

• [Gap Junction Hemichannel Modulation for Controlled Mitochondrial Exchange](/hypothesis/h-9adb5c9e) — <span style="color:#ffd54f;font-weight:600">0.50</span> · Target: PANX1

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving PANX1 Gene discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: