protein

IL

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about IL: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

1Connections
30Hypotheses
7Analyses
1Outgoing
0Incoming
9Experiments
11Debates

Summary

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the innate immune response and neuroinflammation.

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🔬 Protein Info
Gene SymbolIL
Full Name18 - Interleukin-18
Chromosome11q22.2.
FunctionInterleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the innate immune response and neuroinflammation.
GeneCardsIL
Human Protein AtlasIL
Pro-inflammatory cytokinesTNF-α, IL-1β
Oxidative stressROS, mitochondrial dysfunction
Elevated levelsIL-18 is significantly elevated in CSF and plasma of AD patients compared to healthy controls
Disease correlationLevels correlate with cognitive decline measured by MMSE and CDR
Pathology associationAssociated with amyloid-β plaque deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation
Conversion predictionElevated IL-18 predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD
Mechanistic roleDrives neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction
Therapeutic targetIL-18 neutralization reduces pathology in AD mouse models
Associated DiseasesCRC
KG Connections1 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

IL-18 - Interleukin-18

biomarker · 1492 words

Validated Hypothesis: IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface

hypothesis · 4141 words

IL28B (Interleukin 28B)

gene · 3405 words

IL1RAP — Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein

gene · 3150 words

IL32

gene · 3130 words

IL3 (Interleukin 3)

gene · 3014 words

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    N1["🔬 IL"]
    N2["CRC"]
    N1 -->|"associated with"| N2
    style N1 fill:#1a237e,stroke:#7c4dff,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (1)

TargetRelationTypeStr
CRCassociated_withdisease0.70

Incoming (0)

SourceRelationTypeStr
No incoming edges

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II 0.968 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.912 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic rescue via DHHC2-mediated PSD95 0.885 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.865 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi 0.865 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated 0.865 molecular-neurobiology How does lncRNA-0021 achieve sequence-sp
SFPQ Paralog Displacement Triggers Cryptic Polyadenylation a 0.864 als -
TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Prima 0.862 neurodegeneration Variant Annotation and Prioritization of
hnRNP A2/B1 Staufen2-Mediated Axonal RNA Granule Transport F 0.851 als -
HSP90-cochaperone complexes preferentially stabilize interme 0.840 protein-biochemistry Do chaperones selectively recognize path
Gamma Oscillation Enhancement Synergy 0.838 neurodegeneration Does the cancer-cystatin-C-TREM2 pathway
CREB-Dependent Differential Complement Regulator Positioning 0.833 synaptic-biology What determines the selectivity of compl
IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microgl 0.831 neuroinflammation How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroin
Ketone Utilization Index as Metabolic Flexibility Biomarker 0.829 translational-neuroscience Which metabolic biomarkers can distingui
TDP-43 RNA-proteostasis failure across ALS, FTD, and AD/LATE 0.828 multi Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.827 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway Dysfunction as a Unifying Proteo 0.820 neurodegeneration Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-S 0.811 neurodegeneration What are the cell-type-specific transcri
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition 0.806 - Blood-brain barrier tight junction disru
PINK1/Parkin mitophagy failure across PD, AD, and ALS 0.796 multi Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
G2019S primarily raises baseline LRRK2 kinase activity rathe 0.790 neurodegeneration Do pathogenic LRRK2 mutations amplify vo
Competitive APOE4 Domain Stabilization Peptides 0.784 neurodegeneration APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic
LAMP2A Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Defects in Dopaminergi 0.783 neurodegeneration -
PINK1/Parkin–TREM2 Axis: Convergent Mitophagy Failure Unifie 0.780 neurodegeneration -
SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resil 0.778 neurodegeneration Gut Microbiome Analysis in Parkinson's D
TBK1-OPTN-p62 selective autophagy failure across ALS, FTD, a 0.776 multi Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
Dual-Circuit Tau Vulnerability Cascade 0.774 neuroscience Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Chromatin Accessibility Restoration via BRD4 Modulation 0.768 neurodegeneration Epigenetic reprogramming in aging neuron
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.767 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.000 alzheimers Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Mentioning Analyses (7)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What amyloid threshold level is required for optimal clinical benefit in early A

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.577

Blood-brain barrier tight junction disruption by neuroinflammatory cytokines

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 14 hypotheses Top: 0.806

How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroinflammation in PD when microglia are trad

neuroinflammation | 2026-04-13 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.831

Why do systemic anti-inflammatory drugs fail in AD despite cardiovascular effica

clinical neurology | 2026-04-08 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.455

Systemic immune profiling and peripheral immune contributions to neurodegenerati

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-04 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.380

Experiments (9)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

ExperimentTypeDiseaseScoreFeasibilityModelStatusEst. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn clinical Alzheimer's disease and relate 0.950 0.00 human patients proposed N/A
SIRPα modulation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease validation Alzheimer's disease 0.900 0.00 mouse models of Alzheimer's di proposed N/A
Autophagy receptor identification for stress granule elimination exploratory neurodegenerative diseases 0.900 0.00 cultured cells under arsenite proposed N/A
NAD depletion effects on monocyte/macrophage differentiation exploratory Inflammatory bowel disease 0.900 0.00 Primary mouse and human monocy proposed N/A
FK866 treatment in DSS-induced colitis mouse model validation Inflammatory bowel disease (co 0.900 0.00 DSS-induced colitis mice proposed N/A
Synaptic plasticity and protein expression analysis in mPFC exploratory insomnia-anxiety comorbidity 0.850 0.00 mPFC brain slices from PCPA-tr proposed N/A
FK866 in azoxymethane/DSS colitis-associated cancer model validation Colitis-associated cancer 0.850 0.00 AOM/DSS-treated mice proposed N/A
FK866 mechanism validation in Rag1-/- mice validation Inflammatory bowel disease 0.850 0.00 Rag1-/- mice with DSS-induced proposed N/A
Microglial SIRPα expression in human Alzheimer's disease tissue exploratory Alzheimer's disease 0.800 0.00 human brain tissue proposed N/A

Related Papers (15)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810] ["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen", Journal of neuroinflammation 2025 0
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810] ["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen", Journal of neuroinflammation 2025 0
Roles of NAD+ in Health and Aging. [PMID:37848251] Lautrup S, Hou Y, Fang EF, Bohr VA Cold Spring Harbor perspective 2024 0
P-tau217 correlates with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting [PMID:38513667] Zhang D, Zhang W, Ming C, Gao X, Yuan H, Neuron 2024 0
The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disea [PMID:38852117] Balusu S, De Strooper B Acta neuropathologica 2024 0
The different autophagy degradation pathways and neurodegeneration. [PMID:35134347] Fleming A, Bourdenx M, Fujimaki M, Karab Neuron 2022 0
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer's Disease. [PMID:34069890] Burillo J, Marqués P, Jiménez B, Gonzále Cells 2021 0
WDR45 contributes to neurodegeneration through regulation of ER homeostasis and [PMID:31204559] ["Wan Huida", "Wang Qi", "Chen Xiuting", Autophagy 2020 0
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disea [PMID:33182554] Marogianni C, Sokratous M, Dardiotis E, International journal of molec 2020 0
WDR45 contributes to neurodegeneration through regulation of ER homeostasis and [PMID:31204559] ["Wan Huida", "Wang Qi", "Chen Xiuting", Autophagy 2020 0
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disea [PMID:33182554] Marogianni C, Sokratous M, Dardiotis E, International journal of molec 2020 0
Mitophagy inhibits amyloid-β and tau pathology and reverses cognitive defi [PMID:30742114] Unknown Nature neuroscience 2019 0
Multiple Sclerosis Pathology. [PMID:29358320] Lassmann H Cold Spring Harbor perspective 2018 0
Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in tra [PMID:17021169] ["Oakley, Holly", "Cole, Sarah L", "Loga The Journal of neuroscience : 2006 0
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road [PMID:12130773] ["Hardy, John", "Selkoe, Dennis J"] Science (New York, N.Y.) 2002 0

Debates (11)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Hypothesis debate: Multi-Biomarker Composite Index Surpassing Amyloid PET for Tr

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-26

Should PEA-PPARA endocannabinoid signaling be prioritized as a therapeutic strat

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-23

While the study demonstrates dose-response relationships between amyloid levels

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-16

Blood-brain barrier tight junction disruption by neuroinflammatory cytokines

closed · Rounds: 7 · Score: 0.87 · 2026-04-16

This study identifies oligodendrocytes as drivers of neuroinflammation in PD, co

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.79 · 2026-04-13

How do peripheral immune system alterations influence CNS pathology and neurodeg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-12

How do peripheral immune system alterations influence CNS pathology and neurodeg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.78 · 2026-04-12

How do peripheral immune system alterations influence CNS pathology and neurodeg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-11

The debate noted clinical failures of TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors in AD despite th

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.79 · 2026-04-09

Microglia activate astrocytes via IL-1alpha/TNF/C1q, and reactive astrocytes fee

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-06

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning IL in their description or question text

Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated Autophagy Through PV

Score: 0.865 · molecular-neurobiology · 2026-04-17

## Mechanistic Overview Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated Autophagy Through PV Interneuron-Spe

TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Primary Trigger for Faile

Score: 0.862 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Primary Trigger for Failed DAM Transition

HSP90-cochaperone complexes preferentially stabilize intermediate misfolded stat

Score: 0.840 · protein-biochemistry · 2026-04-28

The HSP90 chaperone system, comprising HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 in complex with their cochaperones STIP1 (Stress-Induced Ph

Gamma Oscillation Enhancement Synergy

Score: 0.838 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-17

## Mechanistic Overview Gamma Oscillation Enhancement Synergy starts from the claim that modulating not yet specified wi

CREB-Dependent Differential Complement Regulator Positioning for Activity-Based

Score: 0.833 · synaptic-biology · 2026-04-28

This hypothesis proposes that the CREB-BDNF-TrkB activity-dependent signaling cascade directly controls the spatial posi

IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface

Score: 0.831 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-13

## Mechanistic Overview IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface starts from the claim t

Ketone Utilization Index as Metabolic Flexibility Biomarker

Score: 0.829 · translational-neuroscience · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview Ketone Utilization Index as Metabolic Flexibility Biomarker starts from the claim that modulatin

TDP-43 RNA-proteostasis failure across ALS, FTD, and AD/LATE

Score: 0.828 · multi · 2026-04-28

Shared mechanism across ALS, FTD, AD/LATE: Nuclear TDP-43 loss impairs RNA splicing and axonal maintenance; the same mis

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscilla

Score: 0.827 · alzheimers · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscillations via glymph

Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway Dysfunction as a Unifying Proteostasis Failure

Score: 0.820 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-28

Impaired autophagic flux and lysosomal degradation capacity represents a convergent failure point across AD, PD, ALS, an

CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-Specific Vulnerabilit

Score: 0.811 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-Specific Vulnerability Thresholds sta

Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition

Score: 0.806 · unknown disease · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition starts from the claim that modulating PADI4 withi

PINK1/Parkin mitophagy failure across PD, AD, and ALS

Score: 0.796 · multi · 2026-04-28

Shared mechanism across PD, AD, ALS: Mitochondrial damage normally recruits PINK1/Parkin quality control; failure of thi