gene

GAN

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about GAN: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

51Connections
21Hypotheses
0Analyses
38Outgoing
13Incoming
20Experiments
0Debates

Summary

GAN is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: therapeutic target, activates, inhibits. Associated with Fibrosis, Ms, Neurodegeneration. Connected to 22 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info
Gene SymbolGAN
Full NameGigaxonin
Chromosome16q24.2
Functionis a key component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, functioning as a substrate adaptor for the Cullin-3 (CUL3)-RING ligase complex
Molecular Weight65 kDa
Amino Acids597 aa
Exons11
PathwaysBlood-Brain Barrier, Immune Response, Nf-Κb, Tgf-Β, blood-brain barrier
UniProt ID[Q9Y2H5](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y2H5)
Ensembl IDENSG00000150433
OMIM605379
GeneCardsGAN
Human Protein AtlasGAN
N-terminal BTB domainMediates homodimerization and interactions with Cullin-3 E3 ubiquitin ligases[@geyer2012]
Central BACK domainInvolved in substrate recognition
Associated DiseasesGiant Axonal Neuropathy
InteractionsAND, NEURODEGENERATION, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, NF-ΚB, SYNUCLEINOPATHY
KG Connections51 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsNCBI GeneHPASTRING

Wiki Pages (3)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

GAN Gene

gene · 1368 words

GAN Protein

protein · 870 words

Gigaxonin (GAN) Protein

protein · 604 words

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    GAN["GAN"]
    Fibrosis{"Fibrosis"}
    GAN -->|"activates"| Fibrosis
    Neurodegeneration{"Neurodegeneration"}
    GAN -->|"therapeutic target"| Neurodegeneration
    Ms{"Ms"}
    GAN -->|"therapeutic target"| Ms
    Synucleinopathy{"Synucleinopathy"}
    GAN -->|"therapeutic target"| Synucleinopathy
    Tgf__(["Tgf-Beta"])
    GAN -->|"activates"| Tgf__
    Immune_Response(["Immune Response"])
    GAN -->|"therapeutic target"| Immune_Response
    Nf__b(["Nf-Kappab"])
    GAN -->|"therapeutic target"| Nf__b
    Blood_Brain_Barrier(["Blood-Brain Barrier"])
    GAN -->|"therapeutic target"| Blood_Brain_Barrier
    neurodegeneration["neurodegeneration"]
    GAN -->|"implicated in"| neurodegeneration
    TRKB["TRKB"]
    TRKB -->|"inhibits"| GAN
    TNF["TNF"]
    TNF -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    SYNUCLEINOPATHY["SYNUCLEINOPATHY"]
    SYNUCLEINOPATHY -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"]
    NEURODEGENERATION -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    NEURODEGENERATIVE_DISEASES["NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES"]
    NEURODEGENERATIVE_DISEASES -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    NF__B["NF-KappaB"]
    NF__B -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    AND["AND"]
    AND -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    TNF__["TNF-Alpha"]
    TNF__ -->|"therapeutic target"| GAN
    style GAN fill:#1a3a4a,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (38)

TargetRelationTypeStr
Giant Axonal Neuropathycausesdisease0.70
axonal degenerationregulatesprocess0.70
Fibrosisactivatesdisease0.65
Neurodegenerationactivatesdisease0.65
Synucleinopathyactivatesdisease0.65

Incoming (13)

SourceRelationTypeStr
TRKBinhibitsgene0.60
TNFtherapeutic_targetgene0.60
TNFactivatesgene0.60
SYNUCLEINOPATHYtherapeutic_targetgene0.60
NEURODEGENERATIONtherapeutic_targetgene0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (21)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
TBK1-OPTN-NDP52 Phospho-Cascade Coordinates Multi-Organelle 0.772 neurodegeneration How do different organelle-specific auto
Phase-Separated Organelle Targeting 0.729 neurodegeneration Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk amplificat
TFEB/TFE3 Parallel Activation Drives Coordinated Organelle C 0.727 neurodegeneration How do different organelle-specific auto
TFAM overexpression creates mitochondrial donor-recipient gr 0.725 neurodegeneration Mitochondrial transfer between astrocyte
Ganglioside Rebalancing Therapy 0.690 neurodegeneration Lipid raft composition changes in synapt
LDLR Ligand-Binding Domain A Fusion for Receptor-Mediated Tr 0.650 neurodegeneration Blood-brain barrier antibody transport m
p62 Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Nucleates Cross-Organelle 0.649 neurodegeneration How do different organelle-specific auto
APOE-TREM2 Ligand Availability Dysfunction in Neurodegenerat 0.649 neurodegeneration Gene expression changes in aging mouse b
Mitochondrial ROS from complex I and cardiolipin instability 0.640 neurodegeneration What mechanisms drive the self-amplifyin
Ganglioside-rich extracellular vesicles preserve alpha-synuc 0.582 neurodegeneration Which specific CSF molecular components
VPS34 Complex I Subunit Heterogeneity Dictates Organelle-Spe 0.571 neurodegeneration How do different organelle-specific auto
A pre-organized hairpin or loop in lncRNA-0021 creates a hig 0.550 molecular-neurobiology How does lncRNA-0021 achieve sequence-sp
Metabolic Accumulation (Ammonia/Manganese) Triggers IBA1 Dow 0.517 neuroinflammation What causes IBA1 low/negative microglia
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles as TREM2 ligands 0.490 neurodegeneration Does the cancer-cystatin-C-TREM2 pathway
GM1 Ganglioside Reduction via ST3GAL5 Activation to Block Aβ 0.454 lipidomics Lipid metabolism dysregulation in Alzhei
APOE4-driven loss of neuronal PI(4,5)P2 bridges ganglioside- 0.380 alzheimer Lipid metabolism dysregulation and membr
TREM2 Ligand-Conjugated Nanocarriers for Microglial Circadia 0.000 - Can circadian interventions selectively
Membrane Lipid Raft Reorganization Therapy 0.000 - What determines the selectivity and effi
Lipid Raft Autophagy Receptor Reorganization 0.000 - Autophagy-lysosome pathway convergence a
Ganglioside Rebalancing Therapy via ST3GAL5 Modulation 0.000 - Lipid metabolism dysregulation and membr
Membraneless Organelle Stabilizers Targeting Low-Complexity 0.000 - TDP-43 phase separation therapeutics for

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (20)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

ExperimentTypeDiseaseScoreFeasibilityModelStatusEst. Cost
G3BP1-mediated stress granule assembly via liquid-liquid phase separat exploratory 0.900 0.00 eukaryotic cells proposed N/A
IRI-AKI mouse model with mtROS inhibition validation ischemic acute kidney injury 0.900 0.00 IRI-AKI mice proposed N/A
mtROS effects on TFAM and mtDNA in HK2 cells exploratory acute kidney injury 0.900 0.00 HK2 cells proposed N/A
G3BP1 intrinsically disordered region analysis and phosphorylation eff exploratory 0.850 0.00 in vitro protein analysis syst proposed N/A
TFAM knockdown functional analysis exploratory acute kidney injury 0.850 0.00 HK2 cells proposed N/A
G3BP1-binding factor cooperativity in stress granule network regulatio exploratory 0.800 0.00 cell culture systems with prot proposed N/A
TFAM and mtDNA analysis in AKI patients clinical acute kidney injury 0.800 0.00 human patients proposed N/A
Proposed experiment from debate on TDP-43 undergoes liquid-liquid phas falsification Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 cell_line proposed $80,000
Mechanism: C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion in ALS/FTD validation ALS 0.400 0.50 human proposed $2,730,000
C9orf72 Phenotype Divergence: ALS vs FTD Mechanism Study clinical ALS 0.400 0.50 human proposed $6,550,000
Pre-Symptomatic Detection and Intervention Timing in Genetic Prion Dis validation ALS 0.400 0.50 human proposed $2,280,000
Stress Granule Dysfunction Validation in Parkinson's Disease clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $5,460,000
Experiment Validation: In vitro ThT Assay validation Alzheimer's Disease 0.400 0.50 cell_line proposed $160,000
s:** - Test MCU overexpression specifically in layer II neurons in hea falsification Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 mouse proposed $200,000
Proposed experiment from debate on Mitochondrial transfer between astr falsification Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 cell_line proposed $80,000
Selective Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Neurons — Mechanism and Protec validation Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 cell_line proposed $160,000
Exercise-BDNF-Mitophagy Biomarker Study in PD clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $6,550,000
Ferroptosis Validation in Parkinson's Disease clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $6,550,000
GLP-1 Agonist Neuroprotection Mechanism in PD clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $6,550,000
Oligodendrocyte-Myelin Dysfunction Validation in Parkinson's Disease clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $7,100,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
Stress granule homeostasis is modulated by TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination of G3B [PMID:36692217] Yang C, Wang Z, Kang Y, Yi Q, Wang T, Ba Autophagy 2023 3
G3BP1 Is a Tunable Switch that Triggers Phase Separation to Assemble Stress Gran [PMID:32302571] Yang P, Mathieu C, Kolaitis RM, Zhang P, Cell 2020 3
Organelle-specific autophagy in inflammatory diseases: a potential therapeutic t [PMID:32048886] Yao RQ, Ren C, Xia ZF, Yao YM Autophagy 2021 2
Hypoxia-driven phase separation of the PABP1/eIF4B complex forms stress granules [PMID:41780839] Lin Z, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Yang S, Chen Y, D Cancer Lett 2026 1
Melatonin attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by promoting mitophagy t [PMID:37651673] Deng Z, He M, Hu H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Ge Autophagy 2024 1
TFAM is an autophagy receptor that limits inflammation by binding to cytoplasmic [PMID:38783142] Liu H, Zhen C, Xie J, Luo Z, Zeng L, Zha Nat Cell Biol 2024 1
Membrane Atg8ylation, stress granule formation, and MTOR regulation during lysos [PMID:36394332] Jia J, Wang F, Bhujabal Z, Peters R, Mud Autophagy 2023 1
Mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns amplify neuroinflamma [PMID:35233090] Lin MM, Liu N, Qin ZH, Wang Y Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022 1
Mitochondrial ROS promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in ischemic [PMID:33408785] Zhao M, Wang Y, Li L, Liu S, Wang C, Yua Theranostics 2021 1
Mitochondrial DNA copy number in human disease: the more the better? [PMID:33314045] Filograna R, Mennuni M, Alsina D, Larsso FEBS Lett 2021 1
Mitochondrial DNA stress triggers autophagy-dependent ferroptotic death. [PMID:32186434] Li C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Kang R, Klionsky D Autophagy 2021 1
Butyrate extends health and lifespan in mice with mitochondrial deficiency. [PMID:41826362] ["Gaband\u00e9-Rodr\u00edguez E", "G\u00 Nature communications 2026 0
Vav-iCre-Mediated Deletion of TFAM Is Not Recoverable and Is Consistent with Emb [PMID:41898789] ["Ghosh R", "Shakur E", "Yousefzadeh M"] Genes 2026 0
NRIP1 co-activates nuclear translocated FOXO3 to upregulate TFAM expression and [PMID:41888517] ["Zha Y", "Huang H", "Liu Y", "Wan M", " Cell death discovery 2026 0
Implications of virus-induced stress granules in tauopathies. [PMID:41673769] Sharma S, Vandenakker A, Cortés-Pérez C, Translational neurodegeneratio 2026 0
miR-137-5p-Loaded Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Oxidative S [PMID:41754992] ["G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc S", "Ayd\u0131n Pharmaceutics 2026 0
Ginseng stem and leaf saponins attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating TFAM- [PMID:41911987] Chen Y, Hu L, Fu Q, Chen H, Jiang Z, Li Journal of ethnopharmacology 2026 0
AMPK promotes TFEB transcriptional activity through dephosphorylation at both MT [PMID:41661247] Negoita F, Fraguas Bringas C, Hellberg K Autophagy 2026 0
Implications of virus-induced stress granules in tauopathies. [PMID:41673769] Sharma S, Vandenakker A, Cortés-Pérez C, Transl Neurodegener 2026 0
Pharmacological modulation of stress granules via G3BP1/2: A pathway to treat ca [PMID:41924133] Yang J, Gao F Front Pharmacol 2026 0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning GAN in their description or question text

LDLR Ligand-Binding Domain A Fusion for Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis

Score: 0.650 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) represents a promising gateway for th

p62 Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Nucleates Cross-Organelle Cargo for Coordinat

Score: 0.649 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview p62 Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Nucleates Cross-Organelle Cargo for Coordinated Autophagy sta

APOE-TREM2 Ligand Availability Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration

Score: 0.649 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-17

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The APOE-TREM2 ligand availability dysfunction hypothesis centers on the critical

Mitochondrial ROS from complex I and cardiolipin instability forms a local organ

Score: 0.640 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

Electron leak at complex I and destabilized inner-membrane architecture generate superoxide and lipid oxidation that dam

Ganglioside-rich extracellular vesicles preserve alpha-synuclein fibril conforma

Score: 0.582 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

Membrane-derived cofactors in extracellular vesicles maintain polymorph fidelity and templating competence.

VPS34 Complex I Subunit Heterogeneity Dictates Organelle-Specific vs. Bulk Autop

Score: 0.571 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview VPS34 Complex I Subunit Heterogeneity Dictates Organelle-Specific vs. Bulk Autophagy starts from

A pre-organized hairpin or loop in lncRNA-0021 creates a high-affinity docking s

Score: 0.550 · molecular-neurobiology · 2026-04-25

lncRNA-0021 may contain a pre-folded structural element that lowers the entropic cost of binding and presents the miR-63

Metabolic Accumulation (Ammonia/Manganese) Triggers IBA1 Downregulation via NRF2

Score: 0.517 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview Metabolic Accumulation (Ammonia/Manganese) Triggers IBA1 Downregulation via NRF2 starts from the

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles as TREM2 ligands

Score: 0.490 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

Tumor extracellular vesicles carrying phosphatidylserine activate microglia via TREM2, enhancing neuroprotective functio

GM1 Ganglioside Reduction via ST3GAL5 Activation to Block Aβ Oligomerization See

Score: 0.454 · lipidomics · 2026-04-25

GM1 Ganglioside Reduction via ST3GAL5 Activation to Block Aβ Oligomerization Seeds

APOE4-driven loss of neuronal PI(4,5)P2 bridges ganglioside-mediated amyloid nuc

Score: 0.380 · alzheimer · 2026-04-27

In APOE4 carriers, the composition of astrocyte-secreted APOE-containing lipid particles becomes enriched in ganglioside

TREM2 Ligand-Conjugated Nanocarriers for Microglial Circadian Modulator Delivery

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

TREM2 is highly expressed in disease-state microglia. Nanocarriers functionalized with TREM2-binding ligands could achie

Membrane Lipid Raft Reorganization Therapy

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

Different misfolded proteins may preferentially associate with distinct lipid raft compositions during membrane fusion e

Lipid Raft Autophagy Receptor Reorganization

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

Therapeutic modulation of membrane lipid composition to restore efficient autophagosome formation and cargo selectivity

Ganglioside Rebalancing Therapy via ST3GAL5 Modulation

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

Selective enhancement of ST3GAL5 (GM3 synthase) activity to restore optimal GM1/GM3 ratios and prevent amyloid nucleatio