gene

TNF

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about TNF: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

5551Connections

2Hypotheses

15Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

Summary

The TNF gene encodes tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine central to neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	TNF
Full Name	Tumor Necrosis Factor
Aliases	TNF-α
Chromosome	6p21.33
Function	is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
Primary Expression	immune cells and endothelial cells](/cell-types/endothelial-cells) - Activates NF-κB and MAPK pathways - [Predominantly pro-survival sign
Molecular Weight	26 kDa
Exons	3
Pathways	NF-κB signaling, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000232890
GeneCards	TNF
Human Protein Atlas	TNF
Associated Diseases	AD, ALS, AMI, Aging, Alopecia Areata
Known Drugs/Compounds	ETANERCEPT, RAPAMYCIN, NAC, METFORMIN, Urolithin A, Andrographis paniculata
Interactions	MIR193B5P, OCLN, LMNA, APH1B, APOE, IL6
KG Connections	5551 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

🧬 3D Structure: TNF — PDB 1TNF Click to expand

Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"activates"| ASTROCYTES["ASTROCYTES"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"activates"| Tumor["Tumor"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"activates"| Apoptosis["Apoptosis"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"activates"| Als_2["Als"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"activates"| Immune_Response["Immune Response"]
        TNF["TNF"] -.->|"inhibits"| Nf__b["Nf-Kappab"]
        MICROGLIA_3["MICROGLIA"] -->|"activates"| TNF["TNF"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"activates"| TNF["TNF"]
    end
    subgraph Therapeutic["Therapeutic"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"expressed in"| Als["Als"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"expressed in"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
        TNF["TNF"] -->|"expressed in"| Tumor_1["Tumor"]
    end
    subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
        AKT["AKT"] -->|"associated with"| TNF["TNF"]
        MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| TNF["TNF"]
        APP["APP"] -->|"associated with"| TNF["TNF"]
        CASP3["CASP3"] -->|"associated with"| TNF["TNF"]
    end
    style TNF fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
    style ASTROCYTES fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Tumor fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Apoptosis fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Als fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Inflammation fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Tumor_1 fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Als_2 fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Immune_Response fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Nf__b fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style AKT fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style MICROGLIA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style APP fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style CASP3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style MICROGLIA_3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style INFLAMMATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (3016)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
NLRP3	associated_with	gene	1.00
AKT1	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
MTOR	activates	gene	1.00
AKT	activates	gene	1.00
PI3K	activates	gene	1.00
BDNF	activates	gene	1.00
STAT3	activates	gene	1.00
AKT	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
TP53	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
PI3K	inhibits	gene	1.00
AKT	inhibits	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	activates	cell_type	1.00
Tumor	activates	disease	1.00
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	1.00
Als	expressed_in	disease	1.00
Inflammation	expressed_in	disease	1.00
Tumor	expressed_in	disease	1.00
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Immune Response	activates	pathway	1.00
Nf-Κb	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	inhibits	disease	1.00
Apoptosis	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Als	inhibits	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	inhibits	disease	1.00
Apoptosis	therapeutic_target	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Stroke	activates	disease	1.00
Aging	activates	disease	1.00
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	1.00
Mapk	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Tumor	regulates	disease	1.00
Autophagy	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Tumor	associated_with	disease	1.00
Inflammasome	activates	pathway	1.00
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	1.00
Alzheimer	activates	disease	1.00
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	regulates	disease	1.00
Depression	activates	disease	1.00
Mapk	therapeutic_target	pathway	1.00
Stroke	inhibits	disease	1.00
Als	associated_with	disease	1.00
Inflammation	associated_with	disease	1.00
AMPK	activates	gene	1.00
Cancer	activates	disease	1.00
Nf-Kb	activates	pathway	1.00
Autophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Mapk	activates	pathway	1.00
Tumor	inhibits	disease	1.00

Incoming (2535)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
AKT	associated_with	gene	1.00
APP	associated_with	gene	1.00
CASP3	associated_with	gene	1.00
BAX	activates	gene	1.00
NLRP3	inhibits	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	associated_with	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	activates	gene	1.00
INFLAMMATION	activates	gene	1.00
TNF-Α	activates	gene	1.00
IL-6	activates	gene	1.00
IL-6	expressed_in	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	associated_with	gene	1.00
IL-6	associated_with	gene	1.00
IL-6	inhibits	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	activates	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
ROS	activates	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	associated_with	protein	1.00
IL-1B	associated_with	gene	1.00
NF-KB	associated_with	protein	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	disease	1.00
PINK1	activates	gene	1.00
TNF-Α	associated_with	gene	1.00
ROS	inhibits	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	inhibits	gene	1.00
SOD1	associated_with	gene	0.98
TAU	associated_with	gene	0.98
infliximab	inhibits	drug	0.98
APOPTOSIS	activates	gene	0.98
anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody	inhibits	drug	0.95
Adalimumab	inhibits	drug	0.95
Berberine	inhibits	compound	0.95
Qingqi Liangying Formula	downregulates	drug	0.95
L5 Nerve Compression	upregulates	process	0.95
Safranal	downregulates	compound	0.95
Spike Protein 1	upregulates	protein	0.95
IPA	downregulates	compound	0.95
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS	activates	cell_type	0.95
Lapiferin	downregulates	compound	0.92
TTP	regulates	protein	0.90
Urolithin A	inhibits	drug	0.90
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.90
BAX	associated_with	gene	0.90
NRF2	downregulates	entity	0.90
Ric	downregulates	process	0.90
Betulinic Acid	downregulates	compound	0.90
Dihydrotestosterone	inhibits	compound	0.90
Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside	suppresses	compound	0.90

Targeting Hypotheses (2)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
TNF-α/IL-1β-Cx43 Hemichannel Axis as Upstream Link Between S	0.548	cell biology	What is the relative contribution of con
TNFRSF25-Mediated Aging Exosome Pathway Inhibition	0.412	neurodegeneration	Gene expression changes in aging mouse b

Mentioning Analyses (15)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Related Papers (4)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
Death receptor 3: A paradoxical biomarker and therapeutic target in pan-cancer. [PMID:41605339]	Fang W, Du J, Xu Z, Liu Q, Liu Y et al.	Crit Rev Oncol Hematol	2026
Homocysteine as a biomarker in arthritis and depression: Evidence from NHANES an [PMID:41693749]	Deng C, He Z, Zhu X	SAGE Open Med	2026
The involvement of TNFRSF25 in age-related hearing loss. [PMID:41882185]	Roche MV, Tang PC, Yan D, De Marchena MR	Hum Genet	2026
Maternal immune activation perturbs intestinal niche through microbial glyceroph [PMID:41926285]	Chang H, Zhu X, Shen C, Xu X, Ni Y et al	Cell Rep	2026

TNF

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (21)

TNF (Redirect)

cbs-psp-daily-action-plan

Personalized Treatment Plan — Atypical Parkinsonism (CBS/PSP)

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)

Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (3016)

Incoming (2535)

Targeting Hypotheses (2)

Mentioning Analyses (15)

Why do systemic anti-inflammatory drugs fail in AD despite cardiovascular effica

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

Tau propagation mechanisms and therapeutic interception points

Systemic immune profiling and peripheral immune contributions to neurodegenerati

Which cell types show the most significant expression changes for neurodegenerat

Epigenetic clocks and biological aging in neurodegeneration

Neuroinflammation resolution mechanisms and pro-resolving mediators

Digital biomarkers and AI-driven early detection of neurodegeneration

Senolytic therapy for age-related neurodegeneration

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk amplification loops in neurodegeneration

APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic targeting strategies

Astrocyte reactivity subtypes in neurodegeneration

4R-tau strain-specific spreading patterns in PSP vs CBD

What are the mechanisms by which gut microbiome dysbiosis influences Parkinson's

Related Papers (4)

TNF

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (21)

TNF (Redirect)

cbs-psp-daily-action-plan

Personalized Treatment Plan — Atypical Parkinsonism (CBS/PSP)

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)

Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

Microglia CD8+ T Cell Recruitment -- Supplementary WW Content

Atypical Parkinsonism

Device Therapies Comparison for CBS/PSP

Section 148: Advanced Nutritional Biochemistry in CBS/PSP

PD Combination Therapy Matrix

Alzheimer's Disease Mechanism Index

Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)

nhp-validation-animal-model

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) Mechanistic Pathway

neuroinflammation

CBS/PSP Treatment Rankings

GRIA3 Gene

NRF2 Oxidative Stress Pathway

Alzheimer's Disease

nct07165106

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (3016)

Incoming (2535)

Targeting Hypotheses (2)

Mentioning Analyses (15)

Why do systemic anti-inflammatory drugs fail in AD despite cardiovascular effica

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

Tau propagation mechanisms and therapeutic interception points

Systemic immune profiling and peripheral immune contributions to neurodegenerati

Which cell types show the most significant expression changes for neurodegenerat

Epigenetic clocks and biological aging in neurodegeneration

Neuroinflammation resolution mechanisms and pro-resolving mediators

Digital biomarkers and AI-driven early detection of neurodegeneration

Senolytic therapy for age-related neurodegeneration

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk amplification loops in neurodegeneration

APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic targeting strategies

Astrocyte reactivity subtypes in neurodegeneration

4R-tau strain-specific spreading patterns in PSP vs CBD

What are the mechanisms by which gut microbiome dysbiosis influences Parkinson's

Related Papers (4)