PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

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PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

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PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">PRDX3</th></tr>
<tr><td>Full Name</td><td>Peroxiredoxin 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>Location</td><td>Chr 10q26.11</td></tr>
<tr><td>NCBI Gene ID</td><td><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10935" target="_blank">10935</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM</td><td><a href="https://www.omim.org/entry/604425" target="_blank">604425</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Ensembl</td><td><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/View?g=ENSG00000115651" target="_blank">ENSG00000115651</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>UniProt</td><td><a href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30048" target="_blank">P30048</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Associated Diseases</td><td>Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Cancer</td></tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

...

PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">PRDX3</th></tr>
<tr><td>Full Name</td><td>Peroxiredoxin 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>Location</td><td>Chr 10q26.11</td></tr>
<tr><td>NCBI Gene ID</td><td><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10935" target="_blank">10935</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM</td><td><a href="https://www.omim.org/entry/604425" target="_blank">604425</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Ensembl</td><td><a href="https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/View?g=ENSG00000115651" target="_blank">ENSG00000115651</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>UniProt</td><td><a href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30048" target="_blank">P30048</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Associated Diseases</td><td>Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Cancer</td></tr>
</table>
</div>

Overview

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

[PRDX3](/genes/prdx3) (Peroxiredoxin 3) is a mitochondrial member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes that specifically reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic hydroperoxides["@rhee2001"]. As the primary mitochondrial peroxiredoxin, PRDX3 plays a critical role in protecting [neurons](/entities/neurons) from oxidative damage, maintaining mitochondrial function, and regulating redox signaling in neurodegenerative diseases["@archer2013"].

Gene and Protein Structure

The PRDX3 gene spans approximately 12 kb on chromosome 10q26.11 and consists of 7 exons. The encoded protein contains:

N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence: Directs import into mitochondria
Catalytic cysteine (Cys47): Peroxide-reducing active site
Resolving cysteine (Cys127): Forms disulfide during catalytic cycle
TPx_2 domain: Characteristic of typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins

PRDX3 functions as a decamer (10 subunits) in its reduced state, providing efficient H₂O₂ scavenging capacity[@cao2005].

Function

Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense

PRDX3 provides the primary enzymatic defense against mitochondrial H₂O₂:

Peroxide reduction: 2-Cys catalytic mechanism reducing H₂O₂ to H₂O
Redox signaling regulation: Controls localized H₂O₂ concentrations
Protection of mitochondrial proteins: Prevents oxidative damage to respiratory chain components[@li2007]

Mitochondrial Function

PRDX3 supports mitochondrial integrity through:

Protection of [mitochondrial DNA](/mechanisms/mitochondrial-dysfunction) from oxidative damage
Regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
Support of electron transport chain efficiency
Prevention of cytochrome c release and [apoptosis](/entities/apoptosis)[@bolisetty2012]

Cellular Redox Homeostasis

PRDX3 participates in broader redox networks:

Works with [GPX1](/genes/gpx1) and [SOD2](/genes/sod2) in the mitochondrial antioxidant system
Regulated by [thioredoxin 2](/genes/txn2) (Trx2) for re-reduction
Part of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system (Trx2/Prx3/TrxR2)[@lu2014]

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

PRDX3 dysfunction contributes to AD pathogenesis:

Decreased expression: Reduced PRDX3 levels in AD brains correlate with oxidative damage[@krapfenbauer2003]
Aβ toxicity: PRDX3 protects against [amyloid-beta](/proteins/amyloid-beta)-induced oxidative stress
Mitochondrial dysfunction: Loss of PRDX3 exacerbates mitochondrial impairment
Biomarker potential: PRDX3 oxidation state may serve as AD biomarker[@wang2015]

Parkinson's Disease

PRDX3 is implicated in PD through multiple mechanisms:

Dopaminergic neuron protection: PRDX3 overexpression protects against MPTP toxicity
[α-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) aggregation: PRDX3 mitigates oxidative stress from protein aggregation
Complex I dysfunction: Supports impaired mitochondrial respiration in PD[@de2013]

Huntington's Disease

PRDX3 provides neuroprotection in HD models:

Reduces mutant [huntingtin](/proteins/huntingtin)-induced oxidative damage
Preserves mitochondrial function in striatal neurons
Delays disease progression in animal models[@kim2018]

Cancer

PRDX3 overexpression occurs in several cancers, suggesting potential oncogenic roles through apoptosis inhibition.

Expression

PRDX3 is ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in:

Brain: Neurons with high metabolic demand ([cortex](/brain-regions/cortex), [hippocampus](/brain-regions/hippocampus), basal ganglia)
Heart: Cardiomyocytes with abundant mitochondria
Skeletal muscle: Type I oxidative fibers
Testis: High expression in germ cells

The Allen Brain Atlas shows enriched PRDX3 expression in hippocampal CA1-CA3 regions and cortical layers[@hawrylycz2012].

Common Variants

| Variant | rsID | Effect | Significance |
|---------|------|--------|--------------|
| rs7322 | Promoter | Gene expression | eQTL |
| rs5629 | 3' UTR | mRNA stability | Putative functional |

Therapeutic Implications

PRDX3 Enhancement Strategies

Approaches to boost PRDX3 function include:

Gene therapy: PRDX3 overexpression via viral vectors

Small molecule activators: Compounds enhancing PRDX3 activity

Upstream pathway activation: Modulating NRF2/PGC-1α pathways

Redox-modifying agents: Maintaining PRDX3 in reduced state[@kwon2017]

Combination Therapies

PRDX3 enhancement may synergize with:

[MitoQ](/therapeutics/mitochondrial-antioxidants) and other mitochondrial antioxidants
[Coenzyme Q10](/therapeutics/coenzyme-q10-neurodegeneration) supplementation
Exercise interventions that boost mitochondrial biogenesis

External Links

[GeneCards: PRDX3](https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PRDX3)
[UniProt: P30048](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30048)
[NCBI Gene: 10935](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10935)

References

[Rhee SG, Kang SW, Chang TS, Jeong W, Kim K, Peroxiredoxin, a novel family of peroxidases (2001)](https://doi.org/10.1080/15216540252774796)

[Archer SL, Mitochondrial dynamics—mitochondrial fission and fusion in human diseases (2013)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24304004/)

[Cao Z, Roszak AW, Gourlay LJ, Lindsay JG, Isaacs NW, Bovine mitochondrial peroxiredoxin III forms a two-ring catenane (2005)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16271890/)

[Li L, Shoji W, Takagi H, et al, Oxidative stress-dependent subcellular localization of peroxiredoxin III in cardiac myocytes (2007)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17200469/)

[Bolisetty S, Traylor A, Zarjou A, et al, Mitochondrial-targeted heme binding protein 2 (HBP2) is a critical regulator of mitochondrial H₂O₂ (2012)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22932896/)

[Lu J, Holmgren A, The thioredoxin antioxidant system (2014)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23896478/)

[Krapfenbauer K, Engidawork E, Cairns N, Fountoulakis M, Lubec G, Aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin subtypes in neurodegenerative disorders (2003)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12586710/)

[Wang Q, et al, Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 is significantly decreased in Alzheimer's disease (2015)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26017222/)

[De Simoni S, et al, Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin-3 as a neuroprotectant in models of Parkinson's disease (2013)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23085334/)

[Kim J, et al, Peroxiredoxin 3 protects against oxidative stress and mutant huntingtin-induced cytotoxicity (2018)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29323883/)

[Hawrylycz MJ, et al, An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome (2012)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22996553/)

[Kwon J, et al, Regulation of peroxiredoxin activity by Nrf2-mediated induction in neurodegeneration (2017)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342745/)

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3 discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis:

Mermaid diagram (expand to render)

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Related Entities

PRDX3

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slug	genes-prdx3
kg_node_id	PRDX3
entity_type	gene
origin_type	v1_polymorphic_backfill
source_table	wiki_pages
wiki_page_id	wp-6049c7312e6f
__merged_from	{'merged_at': '2026-05-13', 'unprefixed_id': 'genes-prdx3'}
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📊 Evidence Profile Foundational

Evidence Balance

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Certainty

100%

Debates

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Incoming

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Outgoing

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0 supporting 0 contradicting 0 neutral

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📗 Cite This Artifact

PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

Overview

PRDX3 — Peroxiredoxin 3

Overview

Gene and Protein Structure

Function

Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense

Mitochondrial Function

Cellular Redox Homeostasis

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Huntington's Disease

Cancer

Expression

Common Variants

Therapeutic Implications

PRDX3 Enhancement Strategies

Combination Therapies

See Also

External Links

References

Pathway Diagram

💬 Discussion