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iPSC-Derived Neurons
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Created: 2026-04-02T07:19:37
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ID: wiki-cell-types-ipsc-derived-neurons
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">iPSC-Derived Neurons</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Condition</td>
<td>Cell Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PD</td>
<td>Dopaminergic progenitors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">AMD</td>
<td>RPE cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">SCID</td>
<td>Hematopoietic cells</td>
</tr>
</table>
Overview
flowchart TD
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| MOTOR_NEURONS["MOTOR NEURONS"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| STEM_CELLS["STEM CELLS"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| NEURON["NEURON"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| TAU["TAU"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| ORGANOIDS["ORGANOIDS"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"inhibits"| NEURON["NEURON"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"interacts with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
Ipsc["Ipsc"] -->|"involved in"| Aging["Aging"]
Ipsc["Ipsc"] -->|"associated with"| Midbrain_Dopaminergic_Neurons["Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| TDP_43["TDP-43"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"activates"| NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"]
Ipsc["Ipsc"] -->|"associated with"| Astrocytes["Astrocytes"]
IPSC["IPSC"] -->|"causes"| NEURON["NEURON"]
style IPSC fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
...Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">iPSC-Derived Neurons</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Condition</td>
<td>Cell Type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">PD</td>
<td>Dopaminergic progenitors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">AMD</td>
<td>RPE cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">SCID</td>
<td>Hematopoietic cells</td>
</tr>
</table>
Overview
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)
Ipsc Derived Neurons plays an important role in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides comprehensive information about this topic, including its mechanisms, significance in disease processes, and therapeutic implications.
Introduction
Ipsc Derived Neurons is an important cell type in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes. [@takahashi2007]
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed to a pluripotent state through expression of specific transcription factors. They offer unprecedented opportunities for disease modeling, drug screening, and potential cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. [@kriks2011]
Discovery and Development
Historical Background
- 2006: Takahashi and Yamanaka generated first mouse iPSCs
- 2007: Human iPSCs derived from fibroblasts
- 2012: Shinya Yamanaka awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Reprogramming Factors (Yamanaka Factors)
- OCT4 - Pluripotency maintenance
- SOX2 - Neural rosette formation
- KLF4 - Proliferation, self-renewal
- c-MYC - Metabolic reprogramming (often omitted for safety)
Alternative Factor Combinations
- OCT4 alone - lower efficiency
- LIN28 + NANOG - alternative reprogramming
- Small molecule approaches - chemical reprogramming
Generation Methods
Viral Vector Approaches
- Retroviral - integration, silencing issues
- Lentiviral - better tropism
- Sendai virus - non-integrating (TempUS)
Non-Integrating Methods
- Episomal vectors - EBNA1/oriP plasmids
- mRNA transfection - repeated delivery
- Small molecules - chemical reprogramming
- Protein transduction - direct protein delivery
Cell Sources
- Skin fibroblasts - easy access, established
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- Urine-derived cells
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- Neuronal cells - direct conversion
Differentiation Protocols
Neural Differentiation
Embryoid Body Formation → Neural Rosette Selection → Neural Progenitor Expansion → Neuronal Maturation → Subtype Specification [@sances2016]
Dopaminergic Neurons
- Midbrain specification - SHH, FGF8, Wnt inhibition
- Floor plate method - LMX1A, FOXA2 expression
- Floor plate-derived - authentic midbrain identity
Motor Neurons
- Retinoic acid - caudalization
- SHH - ventral patterning
- V2 interneurons - V2A specification
- Cholinergic specification - choline acetyltransferase
Cortical Neurons
- Dual-SMAD inhibition - cortical identity
- Pax6 - radial glia specification
- TBR2 - intermediate progenitor
- CTIP2 - deep layer neurons
Disease Modeling Applications
Alzheimer's Disease Models
Amyloid Pathology
- Patient-derived neurons show Aβ42 secretion
- Elevated Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio
- Rescue with BACE inhibitors
Tau Pathology
- Hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation
- NFT-like formations
- Tau spread mechanisms
Phenotypic Screens
- Drug candidate testing
- Genetic modifier identification
- Mechanism of action studies
Parkinson's Disease Models
α-Synuclein
- Lewy body-like inclusions
- Progressive aggregation
- Spreading in neurons
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- Complex I deficiency
- PINK1/Parkin pathway
- mtDNA mutations
LRRK2 Studies
- G2019S knock-in models
- Kinase hyperactivity
- Drug sensitivity testing
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Models
TDP-43 Pathology
- Cytoplasmic mislocalization
- Aggregation
- Splicing defects
C9orf72 Studies
- Hexanucleotide repeat expansion
- DPR protein toxicity
- RNA foci formation
Motor Neuron Survival
- Patient-derived motor neurons
- Drug screening platforms
- Gene editing rescue
Other Neurodegenerative Conditions
- Huntington's Disease - mutant huntingtin
- Frontotemporal Dementia - tau, TDP-43
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy - SMN deficiency
- Friedreich's Ataxia - frataxin deficiency
Therapeutic Applications
Cell Replacement Therapy
Advantages
- Patient-specific (autologous)
- Immune-matched
- Disease-causing mutations correctable
Challenges
- Tumorigenicity risk
- Functional maturation
- Integration and connectivity
- Scalable production
Clinical Trials
Drug Discovery
Patient-Specific Platforms
- Personalized medicine
- Genotype-phenotype correlation
- Resistance mechanisms
High-Throughput Screening
- FDA-approved drug repurposing
- Novel compound testing
- Toxicity prediction
Genetic Correction
CRISPR-Cas9 Applications
- Point mutations - base editing
- Repeat expansions - deletion/reduction
- Gene knock-in - reporters, corrections
Isogenic Controls
- Patient iPSCs vs gene-corrected
- Isogenic lines for disease modeling
- Background control for screening
Challenges and Limitations
Technical Challenges
- Genetic stability - chromosomal abnormalities
- Epigenetic memory - incomplete reprogramming
- Variability - line-to-line differences
- Maturation - fetal-like vs adult state
Practical Challenges
- Cost and time (6-12 months)
- Manufacturing scale-up
- Quality control
- Regulatory pathways
Safety Concerns
- Tumor formation (teratomas)
- Genetic mutations
- Immunogenicity
- Functional deficits
See Also
- [Stem Cells
- [Neural Stem Cells](/cell-types/subventricular-zone-neural-stem-cells)
- [Embryonic Stem Cells](/technologies/stem-cells)
- Disease Modeling
- [Gene Editing](/diseases/stem-cells](/content/diseases)
- [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
- [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)
- [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis](/diseases/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis)
Overview
Ipsc Derived Neurons plays an important role in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides comprehensive information about this topic, including its mechanisms, significance in disease processes, and therapeutic implications.
Background
The study of Ipsc Derived Neurons has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
External Links
- [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) - Biomedical literature
- [Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative](https://adni.loni.usc.edu/) - Research data
- [Allen Brain Atlas](https://brain-map.org/) - Brain gene expression data
Pathway Diagram
The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving iPSC-Derived Neurons discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis:
Mermaid diagram (expand to render)
Related Entities
▸Metadataorigin_type: v1_polymorphic_backfill
| slug | cell-types-ipsc-derived-neurons |
| kg_node_id | None |
| entity_type | cell |
| origin_type | v1_polymorphic_backfill |
| source_table | wiki_pages |
| wiki_page_id | wp-0161ff348038 |
| __merged_from | {'merged_at': '2026-05-13', 'unprefixed_id': 'cell-types-ipsc-derived-neurons'} |
| _schema_version | 1 |
📊 Evidence Profile
Foundational
Evidence Balance
+0%
Certainty
100%
Debates
0
Incoming
100
Outgoing
142
0 supporting
0 contradicting
0 neutral
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