HSP70 Gene

HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70)

<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#e8f4ea;">HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70)</th></tr>
<tr><td><b>Gene Symbol</b></td><td>HSP70 / HSPA1A / HSPA1B</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Full Name</b></td><td>Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 1A/1B</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Chromosomal Location</b></td><td>6p21.33 (HSPA1A), 6p21.33 (HSPA1B)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>NCBI Gene ID</b></td><td>[3309](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3309) (HSPA1A), [3312](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3312) (HSPA1B)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>UniProt ID</b></td><td>[P0DMV8](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P0DMV8)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>OMIM</b></td><td>140100</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Associated Diseases</b></td><td>[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease), [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease), [ALS](/diseases/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis), Huntington's Disease</td></tr>
</table>
</div>

Pathway Diagram

HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70)

<div class="infobox infobox-gene">
<table>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#e8f4ea;">HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70)</th></tr>
<tr><td><b>Gene Symbol</b></td><td>HSP70 / HSPA1A / HSPA1B</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Full Name</b></td><td>Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 1A/1B</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Chromosomal Location</b></td><td>6p21.33 (HSPA1A), 6p21.33 (HSPA1B)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>NCBI Gene ID</b></td><td>[3309](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3309) (HSPA1A), [3312](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3312) (HSPA1B)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>UniProt ID</b></td><td>[P0DMV8](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P0DMV8)</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>OMIM</b></td><td>140100</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Associated Diseases</b></td><td>[Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease), [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease), [ALS](/diseases/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis), Huntington's Disease</td></tr>
</table>
</div>

Pathway Diagram

Overview

HSP70 is a human gene whose product the HSP70 family of proteins constitutes a highly conserved group of molecular chaperones that play critical roles in protein homeostasis, folding, and quality control within cells[@mayer2005]. These proteins utilize ATP-dependent mechanisms to facilitate the refolding of misfolded proteins, prevent protein aggregation, and assist in the translocation of polypeptides across cellular membranes[@rosenzweig2019]. Variants in HSP70 have been implicated in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This page covers the gene's normal function, disease associations, expression patterns, and key research findings relevant to neurodegeneration.

Function

The HSP70 family of proteins constitutes a highly conserved group of molecular chaperones that play critical roles in protein homeostasis, folding, and quality control within cells[@mayer2005]. These proteins utilize ATP-dependent mechanisms to facilitate the refolding of misfolded proteins, prevent protein aggregation, and assist in the translocation of polypeptides across cellular membranes[@rosenzweig2019].

In [neurons](/entities/neurons), HSP70 proteins are particularly important for maintaining proteostasis under conditions of cellular stress, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proteasomal impairment — all hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases[@turturici2014]. HSP70 interacts with co-chaperones from the DnaJ (HSP40) family and the BAG (Bcl-2-associated athanogene) family to regulate its ATPase activity and substrate targeting[@kampinga2010].

Disease Associations

Alzheimer's Disease

HSP70 has been shown to protect against [amyloid-beta](/proteins/amyloid-beta) toxicity in cellular and animal models of Alzheimer's disease[@hoshino2011]. The protein can:

• Reduce amyloid-beta aggregation and plaque formation
• Promote clearance of toxic oligomers via [autophagy](/entities/autophagy)
• Protect synaptic function and memory consolidation

Parkinson's Disease

In Parkinson's disease, HSP70 protects against [alpha-synuclein](/proteins/alpha-synuclein) toxicity by[@zhou2021]:

• Preventing alpha-synuclein fibrillation
• Targeting damaged proteins for degradation
• Protecting dopaminergic neurons from cell death

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

HSP70 mutations are associated with ALS risk, and the protein has been shown to protect against [TDP-43](/mechanisms/tdp-43-proteinopathy) and SOD1 toxicity[@chen2023].

Expression

HSP70 is constitutively expressed at low levels in most tissues, including the brain, with particularly high expression in:

• Hippocampal neurons
• Cerebral [cortex](/brain-regions/cortex)
• Substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons

Therapeutic Implications

HSP70 inducers (e.g., geldanamycin derivatives, geranylgeranylacetone) are being explored as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases[@nakamura2022]. The goal is to boost endogenous protective mechanisms to clear toxic protein aggregates.

See Also

• [Alzheimer's Disease](/diseases/alzheimers-disease)
• [Parkinson's Disease](/diseases/parkinsons-disease)

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
• [KEGG Pathways](https://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html)

Allen Brain Atlas Resources

• [Allen Human Brain Atlas - HSP70 Expression](https://human.brain-map.org/microarray/search/show?search_term=HSP70): Gene expression data in human brain
• [Allen Mouse Brain Atlas - Hsp70](https://mouse.brain-map.org/search?type=gene&term=Hsp70): Expression in mouse brain
• [BrainSpan Atlas - HSP70](https://brainspan.org/search?query=HSP70): Developmental expression data

References

Related Hypotheses

From the [SciDEX Exchange](/exchange) — scored by multi-agent debate

• [Proteostasis Enhancement via APOE Chaperone Targeting](/hypothesis/h-5d943bfc) — <span style="color:#81c784;font-weight:600">0.70</span> · Target: HSPA1A

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving HSP70 Gene discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: