gene

CTS

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about CTS: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

33Connections
30Hypotheses
0Analyses
26Outgoing
7Incoming
1Experiments
0Debates

Summary

Page for CTS Gene - Cathepsin S

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🧬 Gene Info
Gene SymbolCTS
AliasesPage for CTS Gene
Chromosome1q21.3
Protein FamilyPapain family cysteine proteases
Protein TypeEnzyme
FunctionCathepsins and their role in immune system homeostasis.
Primary Expressionprofessional antigen-presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells)
Molecular Weight24 kDa
Amino Acids331 aa
PathwaysImmune Response
UniProt IDP25774
NCBI Gene ID1520
Ensembl IDENSG00000163131
OMIM600845
GeneCardsCTS
Human Protein AtlasCTS
Associated Diseasesneurodegeneration
InteractionsCD8
KG Connections33 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsHPASTRING
🔮 Predicted Structure: CTS — AlphaFold P25774 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

CTS Gene - Cathepsin S

gene · 3037 words

CTSD Gene - Cathepsin D

gene · 2704 words

CTSD — Cathepsin D

gene · 2576 words

CTSB Gene

gene · 2340 words

CTSW (Cathepsin W)

gene · 2084 words

CTSD (Cathepsin D)

protein · 2079 words

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    N0["CTS"]
    N1["Neuropathy"]
    N0 -->|"expressed in"| N1
    N2["Ms"]
    N0 -->|"expressed in"| N2
    N3["OVERVIEW"]
    N0 -->|"expressed in"| N3
    N4["JAK2"]
    N0 -->|"regulates"| N4
    N5["SPR"]
    N0 -->|"associated with"| N5
    N6["CD8"]
    N0 -->|"inhibits"| N6
    N7["Immune Response"]
    N0 -->|"regulates"| N7
    N8["STAT3"]
    N8 -->|"regulates"| N0
    N9["neurodegeneration"]
    N0 -->|"implicated in"| N9

    classDef gene fill:#1a3a2a,stroke:#4caf50,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef protein fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#4fc3f7,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef disease fill:#3a1a1a,stroke:#ef5350,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef pathway fill:#2a1a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef mechanism fill:#2a2a1a,stroke:#ffd54f,color:#e0e0e0
    class N1 disease
    class N2 disease
    class N3 gene
    class N4 gene
    class N5 gene
    class N6 gene
    class N7 pathway
    class N8 gene

Outgoing (26)

TargetRelationTypeStr
Neuropathyexpressed_indisease0.65
Msexpressed_indisease0.65
SPRassociated_withgene0.60
CD8inhibitsgene0.60
CTSDassociated_withgene0.60

Incoming (7)

SourceRelationTypeStr
STAT3regulatesgene0.60
ANXA5regulatesgene0.60
ACTBregulatesgene0.60
BECN1regulatesgene0.60
CD31regulatesgene0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
Elevated CSF/Serum Albumin Quotient Predicts Neurodegenerati 0.850 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Kinetic Modeling Predicts Threshold-Dependent Efficacy—Early 0.815 protein-folding Can chaperone enhancement approaches ove
TREM2-Dependent Switch Hypothesis: TREM2 Agonism Redirects S 0.813 synaptic-biology Does SPP1-mediated synaptic engulfment r
MATR3 Nuclear Body Disruption Impairs RNA Processing Hubs an 0.801 als -
LAMP2A Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Defects in Dopaminergi 0.783 neurodegeneration -
H3: SIRT1 Insufficiency Disconnects Metabolic Sensing from E 0.770 neurodegeneration Investigate mechanisms of epigenetic rep
VHH-Fc Fusion Constructs with Separate BBB-Targeting Moiety 0.750 neurodegeneration Blood-brain barrier antibody transport m
Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Preced 0.745 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
PD-Associated GWAS Variants in CTSO and CTSF Genes Create a 0.743 neurodegeneration -
Endosomal trafficking defects are the common upstream lesion 0.730 neurodegeneration What determines the temporal sequence of
G2019S Acts as Lysosomal Volume-Sensing Amplifier via Enhanc 0.730 neurodegeneration Do pathogenic LRRK2 mutations amplify vo
Blood Astrocyte-Derived Exosomal AQP4 Mislocalization Predic 0.685 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Plasma D-Dimer Elevation Reflects Fibrinogen Leakage and Sec 0.685 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Gamma entrainment corrects AD-related clock gene dysregulati 0.676 alzheimers Gamma entrainment therapy to restore hip
TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis Acts as a Strain Sel 0.636 neurodegeneration What are the specific molecular determin
Intestinal Permeability Defects → Systemic LPS Translocation 0.630 neurodegeneration What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion Defects as Primary Driver of α 0.630 neurodegeneration Gap 006 analysis (archived stub)
mutant FUS effects split between motor-neuron intrinsic stre 0.626 neurodegeneration Cell-Autonomous vs Non-Cell-Autonomous M
Integrated Blood Panel of sPDGFRβ, sTM, and Circulating micr 0.625 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Preced 0.625 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Elevated Circulating sPDGFRβ Reflects Early Pericyte Loss Pr 0.600 - What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Direct ISR target engagement likely requires trazodone doses 0.590 neurodegeneration -
CSF p-tau217 Normalization Reflects Amyloid-Driven Tau Patho 0.586 neurodegeneration -
Closed-Loop Phase-Specific Targeting of PV-to-Pyramidal Syna 0.585 alzheimers Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV int
RNA Metabolism and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Defects 0.580 neurodegeneration Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
Co-translational mRNA localization as a sensor for RNA granu 0.545 neuroscience How can subcellular compartmentalization
CD36 Acts as Primary Aβ Oligomer Sensor on Perivascular Macr 0.535 neurodegeneration How do perivascular cells specifically r
HDAC1/2 Complex Restoration Corrects Age-Related Histone Hyp 0.520 neurodegeneration Investigate mechanisms of epigenetic rep
CD33-Dependent Switch Hypothesis: CD33 Antagonism Redirects 0.519 synaptic-biology Does SPP1-mediated synaptic engulfment r
CSF p-tau217 Threshold of <0.15 pg/mL Predicts Durable Clini 0.512 neurodegeneration -

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (1)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

ExperimentTypeDiseaseScoreFeasibilityModelStatusEst. Cost
Mobile App-Based Intervention for BPSD in Community-Dwelling Dementia clinical dementia with behavioral and p 0.950 0.00 human patients proposed N/A

Related Papers (6)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
SIRT1 and SIRT6: The role in aging-related diseases. [PMID:37499928] You Y, Liang W Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis 2023 0
SIRT1 and SIRT6: The role in aging-related diseases. [PMID:37499928] You Y, Liang W Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2023 0
Regulation of SIRT1 and Its Roles in Inflammation. [PMID:35359990] Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chao Y, Zhang J, Frontiers in immunology 2022 0
SIRT1 and aging related signaling pathways. [PMID:32084459] Chen C, Zhou M, Ge Y, Wang X Mechanisms of ageing and devel 2020 0
NAD(+) metabolism governs the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretome. [PMID:30778219] Unknown Nat Cell Biol 2019 0
Sirt1 and the Mitochondria. [PMID:26831453] Tang BL Molecules and cells 2016 0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning CTS in their description or question text

H3: SIRT1 Insufficiency Disconnects Metabolic Sensing from Epigenomic Homeostasi

Score: 0.770 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview H3: SIRT1 Insufficiency Disconnects Metabolic Sensing from Epigenomic Homeostasis starts from th

VHH-Fc Fusion Constructs with Separate BBB-Targeting Moiety

Score: 0.750 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The VHH-Fc fusion construct leveraging separate blood-brain barrier (BBB) targeti

Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Precedes Cognitive Decline

Score: 0.745 · unknown disease · 2026-04-26

Soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) is released into the bloodstream upon pericyte damage, serving as a peripheral indicator of blo

Endosomal trafficking defects are the common upstream lesion linking APP process

Score: 0.730 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

AD-risk trafficking defects in SORL1/BIN1/PICALM/retromer may generate parallel early outputs: amyloidogenic APP sorting

G2019S Acts as Lysosomal Volume-Sensing Amplifier via Enhanced RAB29-Dependent R

Score: 0.730 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26

G2019S specifically hyperactivates LRRK2 when recruited to swelling lysosomes via RAB29, creating pathogenic positive fe

Blood Astrocyte-Derived Exosomal AQP4 Mislocalization Predicts Early Glymphatic

Score: 0.685 · unknown disease · 2026-04-26

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is normally highly polarized to astrocyte end-feet surrounding blood vessels, critical for glymphatic

Plasma D-Dimer Elevation Reflects Fibrinogen Leakage and Secondary Fibrinolysis

Score: 0.685 · unknown disease · 2026-04-26

Plasma fibrinogen leaks across the compromised BBB and undergoes coagulation cascade activation and cross-linking by fac

Gamma entrainment corrects AD-related clock gene dysregulation to normalize hipp

Score: 0.676 · alzheimers · 2026-04-28

Alzheimer's pathology disrupts circadian PER1/2 and BMAL1 rhythms in hippocampal neurons. Gamma entrainment, particularl

TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis Acts as a Strain Selection Filter

Score: 0.636 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis Acts as a Strain Selection Filter starts from the claim

Intestinal Permeability Defects → Systemic LPS Translocation → Microglial Primin

Score: 0.630 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview Intestinal Permeability Defects → Systemic LPS Translocation → Microglial Priming starts from th

Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion Defects as Primary Driver of α-Synuclein Propagati

Score: 0.630 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The autophagosome-lysosome fusion process represents a critical checkpoint in

mutant FUS effects split between motor-neuron intrinsic stress and glial/NMJ inf

Score: 0.626 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-28

mutant FUS effects split between motor-neuron intrinsic stress and glial/NMJ inflammatory signaling should produce a mea

Integrated Blood Panel of sPDGFRβ, sTM, and Circulating microRNA-320 Predicts Pr

Score: 0.625 · unknown disease · 2026-04-26

No single biomarker fully captures the heterogeneity of early BBB dysfunction across neurodegeneration subtypes. A compo

Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Precedes Cognitive Decline

Score: 0.625 · unknown disease · 2026-04-26

Soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) is released into the bloodstream upon pericyte damage, serving as a peripheral indicator of blo