Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Alzheimer's Disease

Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Alzheimer's Disease

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Alzheimer's Disease</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:4023062](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_4023062)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells In Alzheimer'S Disease is a cell type relevant to neurodegenerative disease research. This page covers its role in brain function, involvement in disease processes, and significance for therapeutic strategies.

Overview

Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Alzheimer's Disease

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Alzheimer's Disease</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:4023062](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_4023062)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells In Alzheimer'S Disease is a cell type relevant to neurodegenerative disease research. This page covers its role in brain function, involvement in disease processes, and significance for therapeutic strategies.

Overview

Dentate gyrus mossy cells are excitatory hilar neurons that provide feedback inhibition to the dentate gyrus circuit. These neurons are strategically positioned to modulate information flow through the hippocampal formation and are affected in Alzheimer's disease. Their loss contributes to hippocampal circuit dysfunction and memory impairment. [@buckmaster2012]

<!-- multi-taxonomy-enrichment -->

Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

Morphology & Electrophysiology

• Morphology: dentate gyrus neuron (source: Cell Ontology)
• Morphology can be inferred from Cell Ontology classification

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:4023062)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_4023062)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:4023062)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023062)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)

Neuroanatomy

Location

Mossy cells reside in the polymorphic (hilar) region of the dentate gyrus, between the granule cell layer and CA3. They are among the largest neurons in the hippocampus. [@jiao2020]

Morphology

Key Features:

• Large cell bodies: 15-25 μm diameter
• Thorny excrescences: Dense dendritic spines
• Massive mossy fiber boutons: Very large synaptic terminals
• Extensive axonal collaterals: Distributed widely

Molecular Signature

Markers

• Calbindin D-28K: Expressed in subset
• Neurogranin: Specific expression
• Zif268: Activity-dependent

Neurotransmitters

• Glutamate: Primary excitatory
• Zinc: Co-transmitter (high concentration)

Receptors

• NMDA receptors: Synaptic plasticity
• Kainate receptors: Modulation
• mGluR5: Excitability

Circuitry

Inputs

• Granule cells: Mossy fiber input
• Molecular layer: Dendritic integration
• CA3 Schaffer collaterals: Associational

Outputs

• Granule cells: Powerful excitation
• Basket cells: Inhibitory feedback
• Hilar interneurons: Modulation

Alzheimer's Disease

Vulnerability

• Early involvement: Detectable in MCI
• Neuronal loss: Significant in AD
• Synaptic dysfunction: Precedes cell death

Pathology

• Tau pathology: Neurofibrillary tangles
• Aβ effects: Synaptic toxicity
• Network dysfunction: Hyperexcitability

Functional Impact

• Pattern separation: Impaired discrimination
• Memory encoding: Reduced processing
• Circuit stability: Dysregulated inhibition

Therapeutic Implications

Targets

• Neuroprotection: Mossy cell survival
• Circuit restoration: Functional recovery
• Network modulation: Activity normalization

Strategies

• Trophic support: BDNF delivery
• Anti-excitotoxicity: Receptor modulation
• Activity-dependent: Cognitive stimulation

Background

The study of Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells In Alzheimer'S Disease has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

Brain Atlas Resources

Allen Cell Type Atlas

• [Cell Type Atlas](https://celltypes.brain-map.org/) - Explore cell type classifications and transcriptomic data
• [Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells](https://celltypes.brain-map.org/?searchTerm=dentate%20gyrus%20mossy) - Cell type-specific gene expression

Allen Human Brain Atlas

• [Human Brain Atlas](https://human.brain-map.org/) - Interactive human brain gene expression data
• [Dentate Gyrus expression](https://human.brain-map.org/microarray/search/show?search_term=dentate%20gyrus) - Region-specific expression

BrainSpan Atlas

• [BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain](https://brainspan.org/) - Developmental gene expression data](/datasets/brainspan-atlas)
• [Dentate gyrus development](https://brainspan.org/states?searchTerm=dentate%20gyrus) - Developmental expression patterns

External Links

• [Hippocampal Formation](https://www.hhmi.org)

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Alzheimer's Disease discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: