gene

C3

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about C3: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

603Connections
19Hypotheses
27Analyses
50Outgoing
50Incoming
19Experiments
20Debates

Summary

C3 is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: co discussed, associated with, activates. Associated with ALS, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE. Connected to 138 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info
Gene SymbolC3
Full NameC3 — Complement Component 3
AliasesComplement Component 3
Chromosome19p13.3
Protein TypeSignaling Protein
Target ClassSignaling Protein
FunctionSmall molecule inhibitor of complement activation or convertase activity
Mechanism of ActionSmall molecule inhibitor of complement activation or convertase activity
DruggabilityMedium (0.50)
Clinical StageApproved
Molecular Weight110 kDa
Amino Acids663 aa
Exons41
PathwaysC1q / complement-mediated synapse elimination, Complement System Activation, Complement-Mediated Microglial Engulfment, Synaptic Pruning
UniProt IDP01024
NCBI Gene ID735
GeneCardsC3
Human Protein AtlasC3
Associated DiseasesA1 astrocyte transition, Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's_disease, Astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity
Known Drugs/CompoundsCR2_CRRY, curcumin, dimethyl fumarate, Pegcetacoplan, resveratrol
InteractionsADIPOQ, ALPHA_SYN, AMYLOID, AMYLOID_BETA, APOA1, APOE
SciDEX TargetView Target Profile (8 clinical trials)
SciDEX HypothesesEngineered Anti-Complement Synaptic Tags
Astrocyte Subtype-Specific Anti-Inflammatory Repro
KG Connections603 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsHPASTRING
🧬 3D Structure Comparison — C3 Experimental (PDB) vs Predicted (AlphaFold) — click to expand

📄 Experimental Structure

2A74 — X-ray / Cryo-EM

🔮 AI Predicted Structure

P01024 — AlphaFold

Left: Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Right: AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Complement Component 3 (C3)

biomarker · 1698 words

SLC30A3 — Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 3 (ZnT3)

gene · 3641 words

MAP1LC3A Gene

gene · 3023 words

SLC39A4 (ZIP4)

gene · 2746 words

HERC3 — HECT and RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 3

gene · 2680 words

SLC39A1 — Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 1

gene · 2593 words

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    C3["C3"] -->|"associated"| neurodegeneration["neurodegeneration"]
    C3["C3"] -->|"interacts"| C1Q["C1Q"]
    C3["C3"] -->|"co discussed"| PLA2G4A["PLA2G4A"]
    C1Q_1["C1Q"] -->|"interacts"| C3["C3"]
    BMAL1["BMAL1"] -->|"co discussed"| C3["C3"]
    HK2["HK2"] -->|"co discussed"| C3["C3"]
    MIRO1["MIRO1"] -->|"co discussed"| C3["C3"]
    style C3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:2px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (421)

TargetRelationTypeStr
CR3associated_withreceptor1.00
C3Aencodesprotein1.00
Neuroinflammationassociated_withprocess0.95
Microglial Phagocytosismediatesprocess0.95
NEURODEGENERATIONpromotesprocess0.95

Incoming (182)

SourceRelationTypeStr
h-immunity-6e54942brelates_tohypothesis0.00
MICROGLIAassociated_withcell_type1.00
MICROGLIAactivatescell_type1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEassociated_withdisease1.00
NF-KBassociated_withprotein0.98

Targeting Hypotheses (19)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
Selective HDAC3 Inhibition with Cognitive Enhancement 0.779 neurodegeneration Epigenetic reprogramming in aging neuron
Astrocyte C3aR Signaling as Bifurcation Point for A1/A2 Fate 0.749 alzheimers-disease-parkinsons -
Excessive C1q/C3/CR3 complement cascade activation initiates 0.720 neurodegeneration Synaptic pruning by microglia in neurode
HDAC3-Selective Inhibition for Clock Reset 0.710 neurodegeneration Epigenetic clocks and biological aging i
Complement C1q/C3 Inhibition to Prevent Synaptodendritis in 0.690 neurodegeneration Test
C3aR Blockade Disrupts the Microglial-Astrocyte Feedforward 0.651 neuroinflammation What molecular mechanisms determine whet
Butyrate-Producing Commensal Depletion Creates Vicious Cycle 0.630 neurodegeneration How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri
CX3CR1-Targeted HDAC3 Knockdown in Microglia via AAV9 Delive 0.620 pharmacology How can CNS-selective HDAC/DNMT inhibito
Complement C1q/C3 Blockade for Alzheimer's Disease 0.619 neurodegeneration Test
Complement Cascade Specificity: Microglial C3aR Antagonism D 0.618 synaptic-biology Does SPP1-mediated synaptic engulfment r
HDAC3-Dependent A1 Astrocyte Commitment Window 0.611 neurodegeneration What is the optimal therapeutic window d
Systemic IL-6–STAT3–Hepatic C3 Axis and BBB-Mediated Complem 0.540 neuroinflammation How does sevoflurane-induced NF-κB activ
Aggregation-prone sequences trigger HSP90-dependent conforma 0.497 protein-biochemistry Do chaperones selectively recognize path
PINK1/PARK2-LC3 Mitophagy Enhancement 0.485 neuroinflammation Immune atlas neuroinflammation analysis
Circulating hs-CRP as Disease-Modifying Target via Astrocyti 0.387 immunomics Systemic immune profiling in neurodegene
HSP90-CDC37 complex recognizes exposed hydrophobic clusters 0.380 protein-biochemistry Do chaperones selectively recognize path
Astrocyte Subtype-Specific Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming 0.000 - Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
Engineered Anti-Complement Synaptic Tags 0.000 - Synaptic pruning by microglia in early A
Complement C3/C3aR Synaptic Protection Therapy 0.000 - Immune atlas neuroinflammation analysis

Mentioning Analyses (27)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Methodology challenge: dataset 'Allen Brain SEA-AD Single Cell Dataset' — evalua

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-28 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.662

Does tau dendritic missorting persist independently after Aβ clearance, maintain

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-25 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.740

What signals trigger microglia to specifically recognize and phagocytose LC axon

neuroinflammation | 2026-04-14 | 0 hypotheses

Do SCFAs directly modulate α-synuclein aggregation in vivo at physiologically re

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-12 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.682

Is C1q elevation in AD pathogenic or compensatory for amyloid clearance?

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-12 | 0 hypotheses

Experiments (19)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

ExperimentTypeDiseaseScoreFeasibilityModelStatusEst. Cost
Epigenetic clocks association with brain aging patterns in older women exploratory cognitive impairment and demen 0.900 0.00 human patients proposed N/A
PINK1 mutation carriers frequently report experiencing pain. genetic_association Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 human extracted N/A
Evidence regarding pain in DNAJC6 pathogenic variants is limited and i genetic_association Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 human extracted N/A
Identification of a vulnerable subtype of dopaminergic neurons co-expr genetic_association Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 mouse extracted N/A
Evidence regarding pain in SYNJ1 pathogenic variants is limited and in genetic_association Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 human extracted N/A
Anxa1+ DANs show selective earlier loss compared to other dopaminergic neuropathology Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 mouse extracted N/A
Released prosaposin (PSAP) was shown to induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) up cell_biology Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 cell_culture extracted N/A
Evidence regarding pain in FBXO7 pathogenic variants is limited and in genetic_association Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 human extracted N/A
Evidence regarding pain in ATP13A2 pathogenic variants is limited and genetic_association Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 human extracted N/A
Inhibition of transmitter release specifically in Anxa1+ neurons was s animal_model Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 mouse extracted N/A
Identified a subtype of Sox6+ Anxa1+ dopaminergic neurons that are sel neuropathology Parkinson's disease 0.500 0.00 mouse extracted N/A
Proposed experiment from debate on Epigenetic clocks and biological ag falsification Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 cell_line proposed $100,000
Mechanism: Why Does Amyloid Removal Only Slow Decline 27%? clinical Alzheimer's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $7,500,000
Animal Model Comparison for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapeutics clinical Alzheimer's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $7,100,000
Epigenetic Dysregulation in Huntington's Disease — Therapeutic Targeti validation Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 human completed $3,000,000
Epigenetic Dysregulation Validation in Parkinson's Disease clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $7,500,000
Epigenetic Regulation Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disea clinical Alzheimer's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $7,500,000
Proposed experiment from debate on Microglia activate astrocytes via I falsification Neurodegeneration 0.400 0.50 cell_line proposed $100,000
CRISPR Gene Correction Approaches for CBS/PSP clinical Parkinson's Disease 0.400 0.50 human proposed $6,550,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
Effect of Electronic Prescribing Compared to Paper-Based (Handwritten) Prescribi [PMID:34433219] Aluga D, Nnyanzi LA, King N, Okolie EA, Appl Clin Inform 2021 1
Structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua ( [PMID:32891001] Qin DP, Li HB, Pang QQ, Huang YX, Pan DB Bioorg Chem 2020 1
Mycobacterium Abscessus: A Rare Cause of Peri-Ductal Mastitis in Endemic Regions [PMID:32580856] Shaikh A, Vohra LM J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2020 1
The scanning ion conductance microscope for cellular physiology. [PMID:23086993] Lab MJ, Bhargava A, Wright PT, Gorelik J Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physio 2013 1
Telomere dysfunction causes sustained inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmon [PMID:21885626] Amsellem V, Gary-Bobo G, Marcos E, Maitr Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011 1
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's diseas [PMID:21102463] Franke A, McGovern DP, Barrett JC, Wang Nat Genet 2010 1
HDAC3 Preserves the primordial follicle reserve by epigenetically suppressing fe [PMID:41803516] ["Chen Z", "Guo J", "Gao M", "Wang H", " Cellular and molecular life sc 2026 0
Determination of the effects of [PMID:41823023] ["Yir\u00fcn A", "\u00c7ak\u0131r D", "E Journal of Alzheimer's disease 2026 0
Discovery of a Covalent HDAC3 Degrader with Excellent Anti-Inflammatory Activity [PMID:41812251] ["Qin H", "Shi Y", "Liu R", "Wang B", "G Journal of medicinal chemistry 2026 0
Myeloid HDAC3 deletion protects against traumatic optic injury. [PMID:41851071] Shahror RA, Morris CA, Cunningham A, Chu Cell death discovery 2026 0
HDAC3 mediates retinal endothelial cell metabolic reprogramming and angiogenesis [PMID:41023273] Mitchell CD, Morris CA, Wild M, Cunningh Acta Pharmacol Sin 2026 0
Metabolomics identifies riboflavin as a therapeutic agent for acute pancreatitis [PMID:41352543] Shi Y, Peng J J Nutr Biochem 2026 0
β-Hydroxybutyrate improves glymphatic system function and alleviates cerebral ed [PMID:41535708] Yu MJ, Xiong RQ, Wu JW, Li YC, Xie JX et Acta Pharmacol Sin 2026 0
SATB2 Mediates H3K9 Delactylation by Recruiting HDAC3 to Repress LCN2 and Inhibi [PMID:41736683] Wen T, Yang L, Cai S, Liu Y, Fan J et al Adv Sci (Weinh) 2026 0
Histone deacetylases: Function in tumor development and therapeutic prospects (R [PMID:41783166] Lin R, Zhang Y, Li H, Liang F Oncol Lett 2026 0
LncRNA SNHG5 promotes macrophage lipid accumulation and aggravates atheroscleros [PMID:41844502] Liu X, Wang HH, Lan XY, Sun SY, Xu XD, H Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2026 0
HOX code-based stratification reveals RUNX1T1-HDAC reprogramming as a targetable [PMID:41912135] Jiang Y, Cheng S, Zhang CY, Jin X, Li L, Cancer letters 2026 0
Histone Deacetylases Are Required for Aedes aegypti Female Reproduction and Embr [PMID:41764745] ["Balasubramani S", "Palli S"] Archives of insect biochemistr 2026 0
Microglial HDAC3 inhibits the migration of CD8-positive T cell in the developmen [PMID:41888851] Na Che; Yang Zhang; Bo Wang; Hongxing Wu Cell & bioscience 2026 0
GR/HDAC3 Regulates Npas4 Signaling Pathway and Mediates Cognitive Impairment in [PMID:41837847] Zhao Z, Song Y, Yu X, Gao Q, Wang B, Sun FASEB journal : official publi 2026 0

Debates (20)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Second debate: Microglial TREM2-SYK Pathway Enhancement

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.57 · 2026-04-28

Methodology challenge: dataset 'Allen Brain SEA-AD Single Cell Dataset' — evalua

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-28

Debate: LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Remodeling as the Primary Ferroptotic Primin

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.12 · 2026-04-27

Debate: ALOX15-Driven Enzymatic Ferroptosis in AD Oligodendrocytes via PUFA-PE P

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.42 · 2026-04-27

Debate: LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Amplification of Ferroptotic Vulnerability i

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.48 · 2026-04-27

Debate: ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Oligodendrocytes

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.47 · 2026-04-27

Debate: Microglial TREM2 downregulation impairs damage-associated response in la

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.21 · 2026-04-27

Should '40 Hz Gamma Entrainment Gates ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptotic Priming to Sele

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.52 · 2026-04-27

Should 'ACSL4-Ferroptotic Priming in Stressed Oligodendrocytes Drives White Matt

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.72 · 2026-04-27

Hypothesis debate: SASP-Mediated Complement Cascade Amplification

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.40 · 2026-04-27

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning C3 in their description or question text

C3aR Blockade Disrupts the Microglial-Astrocyte Feedforward Neurotoxic Loop

Score: 0.651 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-14

## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The complement cascade represents a critical immune surveillance system within

Butyrate-Producing Commensal Depletion Creates Vicious Cycle: HDAC3 Overactivity

Score: 0.630 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26

Butyrate acts as a pan-HDAC inhibitor suppressing microglial HDAC3 activity. In dysbiosis, butyrate deficiency permits H

CX3CR1-Targeted HDAC3 Knockdown in Microglia via AAV9 Delivery

Score: 0.620 · pharmacology · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview CX3CR1-Targeted HDAC3 Knockdown in Microglia via AAV9 Delivery starts from the claim that modula

Complement C1q/C3 Blockade for Alzheimer's Disease

Score: 0.619 · neurodegeneration · 2026-05-06

Microglia-mediated complement activation (C1q, C3) leads to excessive synaptic pruning in AD. Tau pathology sensitizes n

Complement Cascade Specificity: Microglial C3aR Antagonism Downstream of SPP1

Score: 0.618 · synaptic-biology · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview Complement Cascade Specificity: Microglial C3aR Antagonism Downstream of SPP1 starts from the cl

HDAC3-Dependent A1 Astrocyte Commitment Window

Score: 0.611 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview HDAC3-Dependent A1 Astrocyte Commitment Window starts from the claim that modulating HDAC3 withi

Systemic IL-6–STAT3–Hepatic C3 Axis and BBB-Mediated Complement Translocation

Score: 0.540 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview Systemic IL-6–STAT3–Hepatic C3 Axis and BBB-Mediated Complement Translocation starts from the cl

Aggregation-prone sequences trigger HSP90-dependent conformational triage throug

Score: 0.497 · protein-biochemistry · 2026-04-26

The cellular response to amyloidogenic protein species involves a sophisticated HSP90-dependent conformational triage sy

PINK1/PARK2-LC3 Mitophagy Enhancement

Score: 0.485 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview PINK1/PARK2-LC3 Mitophagy Enhancement starts from the claim that modulating PINK1 within the dis

Circulating hs-CRP as Disease-Modifying Target via Astrocytic Complement C3 Casc

Score: 0.387 · immunomics · 2026-04-26

Elevated circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) functions as a disease-modifying factor through comple

HSP90-CDC37 complex recognizes exposed hydrophobic clusters as amyloidogenic dan

Score: 0.380 · protein-biochemistry · 2026-04-27

The HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex functions as a specialized surveillance system that recognizes amyloidogenic protein s

Astrocyte Subtype-Specific Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

Reprogramming neurotoxic A1-like astrocytes to neuroprotective A2-like phenotypes through selective C3 inhibition combin

Engineered Anti-Complement Synaptic Tags

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

Synthetic molecules that can be targeted to synapses and provide localized complement inhibition through antibody-drug c

Complement C3/C3aR Synaptic Protection Therapy

Score: 0.000 · unknown disease · 2026-04-28

Localized complement inhibition to prevent microglial synaptic engulfment Debate provenance: derived from debate `sess_