gene

PARKIN

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about PARKIN: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

2766Connections

30Hypotheses

7Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

2Experiments

8Debates

Summary

PARKIN is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: activates, associated with, interacts with. Associated with ALS, ALZHEIMER, ALZHEIMER'S. Connected to 1659 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	PARK2
Aliases	PARKIN
Chromosome	6q26
Protein Type	Ligase
Function	Parkin is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase essential for mitochondrial maintenance and quality control.
Primary Expression	AD brain - Parkin can degrade amyloid precursor protein (APP) fragments - May affect tau phosphorylation through ubiquitin-dependent pathways[@burns20
Pathways	Adaptive Immunity, Amyloid, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle
UniProt ID	O60260
NCBI Gene ID	5071
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000185358
GeneCards	PARK2
Human Protein Atlas	PARK2
Associated Diseases	aging, Als, Alzheimer, Alzheimer's disease
Known Drugs/Compounds	Canagliflozin, curcumin, CURCUMIN, DEFERIPRONE, EMPAGLIFLOZIN, epigallocatechin gallate
Interactions	6-OHDA, ABCD3, ACAT1, ACETYL-COA, Actin, AGING
KG Connections	2716 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards HPA STRING

🔮 Predicted Structure: PARKIN — AlphaFold O60260 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (3)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"interacts"| Dementia["Dementia"]
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"interacts"| Cardiovascular["Cardiovascular"]
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"interacts"| Als["Als"]
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"interacts"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"interacts"| Parkinson["Parkinson"]
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"interacts"| Ms["Ms"]
    PINK1["PINK1"] -->|"activates"| PARKIN["PARKIN"]
    AMPK["AMPK"] -->|"phosphorylates"| PARKIN["PARKIN"]
    CAT["CAT"] -->|"interacts"| PARKIN["PARKIN"]
    OPTN["OPTN"] -->|"interacts"| PARKIN["PARKIN"]
    style PARKIN fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:2px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (1592)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
benchmark_ot_ad_answer_key:PARKIN	data_in	dataset_row	0.00
PARKIN	encodes	protein	0.00
Parkinson	associated_with	disease	1.00
MITOPHAGY	regulates	gene	1.00
Cancer	activates	disease	1.00
Parkinson	regulates	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	1.00
PINK1	activates	gene	1.00
Neurodegeneration	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
PINK1	regulates	gene	1.00
Autophagy	regulates	pathway	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
Mitophagy	regulates	pathway	1.00
Als	regulates	disease	1.00
Mitophagy	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Aging	activates	disease	1.00
Cancer	regulates	disease	1.00
MITOCHONDRIA	activates	gene	1.00
Parkinson	activates	disease	1.00
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Mitophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	1.00
Autophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Mitochondrial Function	activates	pathway	1.00
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	1.00
PINK1	associated_with	gene	1.00
Mitochondrial Function	associated_with	pathway	1.00
Inflammasome	activates	pathway	1.00
Apoptosis	regulates	pathway	1.00
PTEN	activates	gene	0.98
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	0.95
NEURODEGENERATION	protects_against	gene	0.95
Als	inhibits	disease	0.95
OXSM	polyubiquitinates	protein	0.95
Cardiac	regulates	disease	0.95
neurodegeneration	protects_against	process	0.95
Parkinson	therapeutic_target	disease	0.95
MITOPHAGY	mediates	entity	0.95
ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN	regulates	gene	0.95
Tumor	inhibits	disease	0.95
Ubiquitin-Dependent Mitophagy	regulates	pathway	0.95
Tumor	activates	disease	0.95
Als	associated_with	disease	0.95
PARKINSON_DISEASE	associated_with	gene	0.95
Mitochondrial Quality Control	involved_in	pathway	0.95
Mitochondrial Quality Control	involved_in	process	0.95
MITOCHONDRIAL HOMEOSTASIS	regulates	entity	0.95
Als	interacts_with	disease	0.95

Incoming (1174)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
benchmark_ot_ad_answer_key:PARKIN	data_in	dataset_row	0.00
PARKIN	encodes	gene	0.00
CANCER	activates	gene	1.00
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	activates	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
CANCER	regulates	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	gene	1.00
UBIQUITIN	associated_with	gene	1.00
PINK1	regulates	protein	1.00
UBIQUITIN	activates	gene	1.00
PARKINSON	associated_with	gene	1.00
MITOCHONDRIA	inhibits	gene	1.00
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	1.00
ROS	activates	gene	1.00
MITOPHAGY	activates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	associated_with	gene	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	activates	gene	1.00
PARKINSON	activates	gene	1.00
UBIQUITIN	regulates	gene	1.00
GENES	activates	gene	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
MITOCHONDRIA	activates	gene	1.00
MITOPHAGY	associated_with	gene	1.00
PTEN	activates	gene	1.00
PINK1	inhibits	gene	1.00
PINK1	associated_with	gene	1.00
PINK1	activates	protein	1.00
MITOCHONDRIA	regulates	gene	1.00
MITOCHONDRIA	associated_with	gene	1.00
PARKINSON	regulates	gene	1.00
SIRT1	activates	gene	1.00
UBIQUITIN	inhibits	gene	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	regulates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
MITOPHAGY	regulates	gene	0.98
LRRK2	associated_with	gene	0.98
PINK1	phosphorylates	gene	0.95
PINK1	activates	protein	0.95
PCK2	inhibits	protein	0.92
FUMARATE	inhibits	entity	0.92
PINK1	part_of	gene	0.90
IL17A	inhibits	gene	0.90
AMYLOID	associated_with	disease	0.90
PRDX6	interacts_with	protein	0.90
26182419	translocates to and promotes removal of	paper	0.90
MIF	inhibits	protein	0.90
20126261	is selectively recruited from the cytosol to	paper	0.90
GENES	regulates	gene	0.90
AUTOPHAGY	inhibits	gene	0.90
NEURODEGENERATION	causes	disease	0.90

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
PINK1/Parkin mitophagy failure across PD, AD, and ALS	0.796	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
LRRK2 G2019S Kinase Inhibition for Parkinson's Disease	0.795	neurodegeneration	Test
NMN Supplementation Restores SIRT1/p66Shc/FOXO3 Epigenetic A	0.790	neurodegeneration	epigenetic reprogramming aging neurons
PINK1/Parkin–TREM2 Axis: Convergent Mitophagy Failure Unifie	0.780	neurodegeneration	-
GBA1/GCase restoration to reduce alpha-synuclein pathology i	0.760	neurodegeneration	Test

GBA1-Deficiency Disrupts Mitochondrial- Lysosomal Contact Si	0.747	neurodegeneration	-
LAMP2A-Mediated Autophagy Enhancement Blocks Alpha-Synuclein	0.745	neurodegeneration	Test
SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Deacetylation Failure with PINK	0.738	alzheimers	Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition for Neuroprotection in Parkins	0.720	neurodegeneration	Test
Pharmacologic activation of GBA1 to reduce alpha-synuclein b	0.720	neurodegeneration	Test
LRRK2 kinase inhibition to normalize lysosomal trafficking i	0.710	neurodegeneration	Test
Dasatinib plus Quercetin Senolytic Clearance of p16Ink4a-Hig	0.680	neurodegeneration	-
OPTN/TBK1 mutations create selective vulnerability by blocki	0.670	neurodegeneration	What are the neuron-specific effects of
Mitophagy and NAD pathway enhancement in sporadic Parkinson'	0.670	neurodegeneration	Test
Alpha-synuclein phosphorylation-dominated LLPS hijacks synap	0.657	parkinsons	-
LRRK2 Haploinsufficiency Traps Microglia in Senescence-Like	0.650	parkinsons	-
Chronic ISR Activation Represses Axonal Protein Synthesis in	0.650	parkinsons	-
PINK1/Parkin-pathway mitophagy impairment in sporadic Parkin	0.630	neurodegeneration	Test
Dose-Response Framework: PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy as the Criti	0.614	neurodegeneration	What are the optimal oxygen pressure, du
Age-Accelerated miR-155 Upregulation Primes Nigral Microglia	0.610	neuroinflammation	How do regional, age, and sex-dependent
Exosomal α-Synuclein as an Interneuronal Propagation Vector	0.595	neurodegeneration	Legacy Pre-Pipeline Hypothesis Import
Mitophagy Induction as Neuroprotective Strategy in Sporadic	0.585	neurodegeneration	Legacy Pre-Pipeline Hypothesis Import
TRPML1-PINK1/Parkin Axis Coordinates Mitophagy with Lysosoma	0.560	neurodegeneration	Does TRPML1 enhancement cause therapeuti
PINK1/Parkin-Independent Mitophagy Bypass for Enhanced Donor	0.529	neurodegeneration	Mitochondrial transfer between neurons a
Mitochondrial-Targeted PINK1/Parkin Pathway Activation for N	0.500	neurodegeneration	Test Hypothesis Fixtures
Selectively Inhibit Maladaptive AQP4-Driven Astrocyte-Microg	0.500	neurodegeneration	How can AQP4 be effectively targeted the
USP13 Stabilization of PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy in Parkinson's	0.393	neurodegeneration	Test
TFEB Activation to Restore Lysosomal Function in Parkinson's	0.380	proteomics	Quantitative proteomics of the aging syn
TFEB Activation to Restore Lysosomal Biogenesis in Parkinson	0.380	proteomics	Quantitative proteomics of the aging syn
Multi-Clock Ensemble Discordance as a Parkinson's Disease Pr	0.323	-	Epigenetic clocks as biomarkers for Alzh

Mentioning Analyses (7)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Do PINK1/PARKIN pathway enhancements rescue excitatory neuron vulnerability or c

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-11 | 0 hypotheses

Do PINK1/PARKIN pathway enhancements rescue excitatory neuron vulnerability or e

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-11 | 0 hypotheses

Do transferred mitochondria from diseased astrocytes carry pathological damage t

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-11 | 0 hypotheses

Mitochondrial transfer between astrocytes and neurons

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 14 hypotheses Top: 0.833

Autophagy-lysosome pathway convergence across neurodegenerative diseases

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 12 hypotheses Top: 0.777

Experiments (2)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Epigenetic clocks association with brain aging patterns in older women	exploratory	cognitive impairment and demen	0.900	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
iPSC-derived astrocyte-neuron co-culture mitochondrial transfer in PD	exploratory	Parkinson's disease	0.900	0.00	iPSC-derived dopaminergic neur	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organizati [PMID:37824655]	Jorstad NL, Close J, Johansen N, Yanny A	Science	2023	186
Targeted nanovesicular delivery of dexmedetomidine modulates microglial lysosoma [PMID:41778730]	Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhang F, Liao J	Neural regeneration research	2026	0
The myocardial ischemic cascade network and multi-target synergistic interventio [PMID:41544859]	Qi L, Yi J, Shen Y, Jiang H, Yao X et al	Biochem Pharmacol	2026	0
Homoplantaginin ameliorates osteoarthritis by activating Sirt3/PINK1/Parkin sign [PMID:41720004]	Zhang H, Xiao J, Yi Y, Chen B, Lv W et a	Phytomedicine	2026	0
Kakkalide promotes spinal cord injury repair by regulating microglial M2 polariz [PMID:41720005]	You T, Dai B, Ding X, He Z, Peng J et al	Phytomedicine	2026	0
Interaction of mtROS-Immune-Inflammatory Vicious Cycle Activation in Sepsis-Indu [PMID:41905969]	Wang Y, Yuan Q	Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol	2026	0
Metformin attenuates HSV-1-induced neuropathic pain by restoring Sirt3-mediated [PMID:41896899]	Yuanyuan Fang; Mengqiu Deng; Kesheng Hua	Cell communication and signali	2026	0
Hydrogen-Enriched Hyaluronic Acid Dressing Ameliorates Diabetic Foot Ulcer via P [PMID:41906653]	Xu Z, Cui X, Chu H, Wan H, Xie Y, Wang Y	Journal of diabetes	2026	0
Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS turns LC3-associated phagocytosis to autophagy u [PMID:41896101]	Cheng YL, Su MS, Liao CC, Chang TW, Hsie	Journal of microbiology, immun	2026	0
Hyperoside stabilizes ACAT1 to promote fatty acid oxidation and attenuate kidney [PMID:41903436]	Shan C, Szili-Torok T, Yue G, Zhang L, M	Phytomedicine : international	2026	0
Melatonin Ameliorates decaBDE-Induced Autism-Relevant Behaviors Through Promotin [PMID:41897550]	["Gao L", "Shen J", "Gao J", "Li T", "Ya	Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerla	2026	0
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810]	["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen",	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Isoginkgetin antagonizes ALS pathologies in its animal and patient iPSC models v [PMID:41094045]	Li A, Huang S, Cao SQ, Lin J, Zhao L, Yu	EMBO molecular medicine	2025	0
Sirtuins as mediators and targets of arsenic toxicity: unraveling signaling path [PMID:40844627]	El-Mahrouk SR, El-Kadi AOS	Archives of toxicology	2025	0
Targeted activation of ErbB4 receptor ameliorates neuronal deficits and neuroinf [PMID:40089796]	Liu C, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Dao JJ, Li Q, Hu	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Phenylpropanoids of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & maxim.) maxim. Alleviate [PMID:40081261]	Yang R, Meng X, Zhao W, Xu SQ, Wang SY,	Bioorganic chemistry	2025	0
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810]	["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen",	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Small molecule DDQ involvement of ERK-mediated signaling pathway with enhanced m [PMID:40222458]	Pradeepkiran JA, Kshirsagar S, Alvir RV,	Biochimica et biophysica acta.	2025	0
The effects of Honokiol on the liver of Alzheimer's disease mice by upregulating [PMID:40776632]	Wang H, Liu J, Tian YR, Zhu F, Li H	Journal of Alzheimer's disease	2025	0
Publisher Correction: Age and sex affect deep learning prediction of cardiometab [PMID:33414494]	Gerrits, Elen, Van Craenendonck, Trianta	Scientific Reports	2021	0

Debates (8)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

The debate highlighted that mitochondrial transfer could be therapeutic, but rai

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-20

The debate revealed a critical gap: while PINK1/PARKIN deficiency correlates wit

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-20

The debate revealed a critical gap: while excitatory neurons show mitochondrial

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-20

Mitochondrial transfer between neurons and glia?

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.71 · 2026-04-12

Multiple NDDs converge on autophagy-lysosome dysfunction. Are there universal th

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-06

Analysis question not specified

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.81 · 2026-04-06

Analysis question not specified

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.87 · 2026-04-06

Mitochondrial transfer between astrocytes and neurons

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-06

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning PARKIN in their description or question text

PARKIN

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (3)

PARKIN Gene

PINK1/PARKIN Mitophagy Activators for Parkinson's Disease

PARKINSON

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (1592)

Incoming (1174)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (7)

Do PINK1/PARKIN pathway enhancements rescue excitatory neuron vulnerability or c

Do PINK1/PARKIN pathway enhancements rescue excitatory neuron vulnerability or e

Do transferred mitochondria from diseased astrocytes carry pathological damage t

Mitochondrial transfer between astrocytes and neurons

Autophagy-lysosome pathway convergence across neurodegenerative diseases

Mitochondrial transfer between neurons and glia

Mechanistic role of APOE in neurodegeneration

Experiments (2)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (8)

The debate highlighted that mitochondrial transfer could be therapeutic, but rai

The debate revealed a critical gap: while PINK1/PARKIN deficiency correlates wit

The debate revealed a critical gap: while excitatory neurons show mitochondrial

Mitochondrial transfer between neurons and glia?

Multiple NDDs converge on autophagy-lysosome dysfunction. Are there universal th

Analysis question not specified

Analysis question not specified

Mitochondrial transfer between astrocytes and neurons

Related Research

LAMP2A-Mediated Autophagy Enhancement Blocks Alpha-Synuclein Propagation in Park

SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Deacetylation Failure with PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy D

NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease

Pharmacologic activation of GBA1 to reduce alpha-synuclein burden in Parkinson's

LRRK2 kinase inhibition to normalize lysosomal trafficking in Parkinson's diseas

OPTN/TBK1 mutations create selective vulnerability by blocking PINK1-Parkin-inde

Mitophagy and NAD pathway enhancement in sporadic Parkinson's disease

PINK1/Parkin-pathway mitophagy impairment in sporadic Parkinson's disease

Dose-Response Framework: PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy as the Critical Mediator Linking

Age-Accelerated miR-155 Upregulation Primes Nigral Microglia for Parkinson's Dis