gene

GJA1

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about GJA1: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

702Connections
3Hypotheses
3Analyses
50Outgoing
50Incoming

Summary

GJA1 is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: regulates, associated with, activates. Associated with ALS, Als, Alzheimer. Connected to 145 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info
Gene SymbolGJA1
Full NameGap Junction Protein Alpha 1
Chromosome6q22.31
Protein FamilyConnexin family (21 members in humans)
Protein TypeChannel
Target ClassIon Channel
FunctionConnexin-43 forms gap junction channels enabling direct cell-to-cell transfer of ions (Ca²+, K+), small metabolites (ATP, glucose, glutamate), and signaling molecules.
Mechanism of ActionSmall molecule modulator of gap junction channel activity
DruggabilityLow (0.36)
Clinical StagePhase II
Molecular Weight43 kDa
PathwaysAutophagy, Blood-brain barrier function, Nf-Κb, Oxidative Stress, Proteasome
UniProt IDP17302
NCBI Gene ID2697
Ensembl IDENSG00000152661
OMIM121014
GeneCardsGJA1
Human Protein AtlasGJA1
Associated DiseasesAlzheimer, Alzheimer'S Disease, Amyloidosis, Cardiac, Chronic Non-Healing Wounds
Known Drugs/CompoundsBleomycin, Gap26
InteractionsTERT, PROGRANULIN, AQP4, GRN, APOE, SLC1A2
SciDEX TargetView Target Profile (2 clinical trials)
SciDEX HypothesesAstroglial Gap Junction Coordination via Connexin-
Astrocytic Connexin-43 Upregulation Enhances Neuro
CX43 hemichannel engineering enables size-selectiv
KG Connections702 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsHPASTRING
🧬 3D Structure: GJA1 — PDB 7F94 Click to expand

Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

GJA1

gene · 711 words

Astrocytes

cell · 3974 words

Mitochondria in Neurodegeneration

mechanism · 3404 words

Mitochondria-Lysosome Contact Site Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

mechanism · 3314 words

mitochondrial-dynamics

mechanism · 3276 words

Mitochondria-Lysosome Contact Site Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

hypothesis · 2969 words

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    GJA1["GJA1<br/>(Connexin-43)"]
    
    %% Autophagy and protein degradation pathways
    GJA1 --|"regulates"|--> AUTOPHAGY["Autophagy<br/>Pathway"]
    GJA1 --|"regulates"|--> UPS["Ubiquitin-Proteasome<br/>System"]
    GJA1 --|"regulates"|--> LAMP1["LAMP1<br/>(Lysosomal marker)"]
    GJA1 --|"regulates"|--> SQSTM1["SQSTM1/p62<br/>(Autophagy receptor)"]
    
    %% Cytoskeletal regulation
    GJA1 --|"regulates"|--> VIM["VIM<br/>(Vimentin)"]
    GJA1 --|"regulates"|--> HDAC6["HDAC6<br/>(Cytoskeletal regulator)"]
    GJA1 --|"associated_with"|--> CDC42["CDC42<br/>(Cytoskeletal dynamics)"]
    
    %% Cellular stress responses
    GJA1 --|"activates"|--> OXSTRESS["Oxidative Stress<br/>Response"]
    GJA1 --|"protects_against"|--> DRP1["DRP1<br/>(Mitochondrial fission)"]
    GJA1 --|"associated_with"|--> CASP3["CASP3<br/>(Apoptosis executor)"]
    
    %% Cellular processes
    GJA1 --|"activates"|--> EXOCYTOSIS["Exocytosis<br/>Pathway"]
    
    %% Disease associations
    GJA1 --|"therapeutic_target"|--> MS["Multiple Sclerosis<br/>(MS)"]
    GJA1 --|"expressed_in"|--> ALS["Amyotrophic Lateral<br/>Sclerosis (ALS)"]
    
    %% Pathway outcomes
    AUTOPHAGY --> NEUROPROT["Neuroprotection"]
    UPS --> PROTEINHOM["Protein<br/>Homeostasis"]
    OXSTRESS --> NEURODEGEN["Neurodegeneration"]
    CASP3 --> CELLDEATH["Cell Death"]
    
    %% Styling
    style GJA1 fill:#006494
    style AUTOPHAGY fill:#1b5e20
    style UPS fill:#1b5e20
    style NEUROPROT fill:#1b5e20
    style PROTEINHOM fill:#1b5e20
    style OXSTRESS fill:#ef5350
    style NEURODEGEN fill:#ef5350
    style CELLDEATH fill:#ef5350
    style LAMP1 fill:#4a1a6b
    style SQSTM1 fill:#4a1a6b
    style HDAC6 fill:#4a1a6b
    style DRP1 fill:#4a1a6b
    style MS fill:#5d4400
    style ALS fill:#5d4400

Outgoing (494)

TargetRelationTypeStr
Intercellular Mitochondrial Transferregulatesprocess0.95
Lysosomal Traffickinginvolved_inprocess0.95
Damaged Lysosomes Exocytosisactivatesprocess0.95
Connexin 43associated_withprotein0.95
CONNEXIN 43encodesprotein0.95

Incoming (208)

SourceRelationTypeStr
ALZHEIMERassociated_withdisease0.95
Gap26inhibitscompound0.90
GJA1-20kinteracts_withprotein0.90
DLG1regulatesgene0.90
Astrocytesexpressed_incell_type0.90

Targeting Hypotheses (3)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
Astroglial Gap Junction Coordination via Connexin-43 Phospho 0.497 neurodegeneration Perivascular spaces and glymphatic clear
Astrocytic Connexin-43 Upregulation Enhances Neuroprotective 0.450 neurodegeneration Mitochondrial transfer between neurons a
CX43 hemichannel engineering enables size-selective mitochon 0.415 neurodegeneration Mitochondrial transfer between astrocyte

Mentioning Analyses (3)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Mitochondrial transfer between astrocytes and neurons

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.570

Perivascular spaces and glymphatic clearance failure in AD

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.623

Mitochondrial transfer between neurons and glia

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.450

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
Astrocytic Connexin43 in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, interaction with P2 re [PMID:41062060] Xiong W, Su Y, Verkhratsky A, Yi C Neuropharmacology 2026 1
Connexin43 hemichannel blockade turns microglia neuroprotective and mitigates co [PMID:40595567] Su Y, Li H, Zhang W, Tao S, Wang Q, Zhan Nat Commun 2025 1
PIEZO channels link mechanical forces to uterine contractions in parturition. [PMID:41231991] Zhang Y, Kini SA, Mishkanian SA, Yarishk Science 2025 1
Should it stay or should it go: gap junction protein GJA1/Cx43 conveys damaged l [PMID:39394955] Domingues N, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, Girão Autophagy 2024 1
Connexin 43 regulates intercellular mitochondrial transfer from human mesenchyma [PMID:39390589] Irwin RM, Thomas MA, Fahey MJ, Mayán MD, Stem Cell Res Ther 2024 1
NAD(+) rescues aging-induced blood-brain barrier damage via the CX43-PARP1 axis. [PMID:37683629] Zhan R, Meng X, Tian D, Xu J, Cui H, Yan Neuron 2023 1
GJA1-20k and Mitochondrial Dynamics. [PMID:35399255] Shimura D, Shaw RM Front Physiol 2022 1
Astrocyte Networks as Therapeutic Targets in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. [PMID:34199470] Boal AM, Risner ML, Cooper ML, Wareham L Cells 2021 1
Inhibition of connexin43 improves functional recovery after ischemic brain injur [PMID:25988944] Li X, Zhao H, Tan X, Kostrzewa RM, Du G, Glia 2015 1
Connexin43 Deficiency Leads to Ventricular Arrhythmias by Reprogramming Proline [PMID:41618855] ["Ying H", "Fan H", "Wang Y", "Jiang R", Advanced science (Weinheim, Ba 2026 0
Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure programs cardiac fibrosis via dysregulating [PMID:41789580] Wen Y, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Liu Y Molecular medicine reports 2026 0
Astrocytes Protect Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells From Chemotherapy Throug [PMID:41486609] Yakati V, Rao SS Biotechnol Bioeng 2026 0
The AP-1 transcription factors differentially regulate Cx43 expression in a ERK1 [PMID:41930557] Basque A, Izichkis LS, Mellet C, Martin Reprod Biol 2026 0
Hypoxia Modulates Nanovesicle Phenotype and Angiogenic Function From Human Pluri [PMID:41937255] Lozano J, Rai A, Phang RJ, Cross J, Lim Proteomics 2026 0
Bladder under stress: Pathological and adaptive shifts in channel expression. [PMID:41945411] Swärd K, Andersson KE, Uvelius B Channels (Austin) 2026 0
Danggui Sini decoction attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating [PMID:41812505] Chen S, Zhou X, Wang W, Zheng Y, Kang R, International immunopharmacolo 2026 0
A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas Elucidates a Microglial Gene Signature Linkin [PMID:41884157] ["Zhong R", "Yang H", "Li X", "Wang F", Journal of inflammation resear 2026 0
Increased Expression of Connexin 43 Promotes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and the Pro [PMID:41757775] Cai S, Yang X, Chen Z, Chen S, Chen L, C FASEB journal : official publi 2026 0
Hypoxia Increases Connexin46 and Connexin43 Levels in KNS-42 Glioblastoma Cells. [PMID:41898710] Minogue PJ, Beyer EC, Berthoud VM International journal of molec 2026 0
Cx43 modulates malignant phenotypes in bladder cancer cells via the c-Src/PTEN/F [PMID:41910821] ["Chi Q", "Xu H", "Li H", "Ma G", "Li X" Journal of molecular histology 2026 0