gene

NEURON

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about NEURON: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

9826Connections

30Hypotheses

2Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

4Experiments

9Debates

Summary

Neurons are the fundamental information-processing cells of the nervous system, transmitting electrical and chemical signals across synapses. The human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons organized into circuits for perception, cognition, and motor control. Key subtypes include excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons (parvalbumin+, somatostatin+, VIP+), dopaminergic neurons (substantia nigra, VTA), and cholinergic neurons (basal forebrain). Selective neuronal vulnerability is a hallmark of neurodegeneration: entorhinal cortex layer II neurons in AD, dopaminergic neurons in PD, motor neurons in ALS, and medium spiny neurons in HD. Neuronal loss correlates more strongly with cognitive decline than amyloid plaques, driving interest in neuroprotective strategies.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	NEURON
Protein Type	Enzyme
Function	SG assembly promotion
Primary Expression	neuroendocrine cells) \|
Molecular Weight	45 kDa
Amino Acids	433 aa
Pathways	NEURODEGENERATION, NEUROINFLAMMATION
GeneCards	NEURON
Human Protein Atlas	NEURON
Role	Facilitates recruitment of mRNAs and proteins
Domain structure	Multiple RNA-binding domains, IDR
Phosphorylation	Regulates SG formation
Disease mutations	ALS-associated G3BP1/2 mutations affect SG dynamics
Alternative splicing	TIA-1 and TIA1R variants
Pathology	TIA-1 positive inclusions in ALS/FTD
Associated Diseases	Aging, Als, Alzheimer, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Known Drugs/Compounds	APIGENIN, DESCHLOROCLOZAPINE, DONEPEZIL, EDARAVONE, FINGOLIMOD, LEVODOPA
Interactions	6-OHDA, AADC, ABCA1, ACAT1, ACHE, ACTB
KG Connections	5372 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

Wiki Pages (1)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Stress Granule Formation in Neurodegeneration

cell · 1834 words

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Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"associated with"| Parkinson["Parkinson"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"causes"| Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
        AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        NEUROINFLAMMATION_2["NEUROINFLAMMATION"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        APOPTOSIS["APOPTOSIS"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        MICROGLIA_3["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        ALS["ALS"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
    end
    subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Neurodegeneration_1["Neurodegeneration"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Dementia["Dementia"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Mtor["Mtor"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Aging["Aging"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| NEUROINFLAMMATION["NEUROINFLAMMATION"]
    end
    style NEURON fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
    style Parkinson fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Neurodegeneration fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style MICROGLIA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Neurodegeneration_1 fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Alzheimer fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Dementia fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Mtor fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Aging fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NEUROINFLAMMATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style AUTOPHAGY fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NEUROINFLAMMATION_2 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style APOPTOSIS fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style MICROGLIA_3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NEURODEGENERATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style ALS fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (3001)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	1.00
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	1.00
Alzheimer	activates	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	1.00
Mtor	activates	pathway	1.00
MICROGLIA	activates	gene	1.00
Dementia	associated_with	disease	1.00
Dementia	causes	disease	1.00
Aging	activates	disease	1.00
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Autophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Stem Cell	activates	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	regulates	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	causes	disease	1.00
Als	inhibits	disease	1.00
Als	expressed_in	disease	1.00
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	1.00
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Parkinson	associated_with	disease	1.00
Als	associated_with	disease	1.00
Dementia	activates	disease	1.00
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	associated_with	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Parkinson	activates	disease	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	1.00
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Aging	inhibits	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	associated_with	disease	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Mitophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Als	regulates	disease	1.00
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	1.00
Toll-Like Receptor	activates	pathway	1.00
Complement	activates	pathway	1.00
MTOR	activates	gene	1.00
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	causes	disease	0.95
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	activates	disease	0.95
OLIGODENDROCYTES	regulates	cell_type	0.95
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	activates	process	0.95
Stroke	activates	disease	0.95
OLIGODENDROCYTES	activates	cell_type	0.95
TDP-43	interacts_with	gene	0.95
Alzheimer	regulates	disease	0.95
Neurodegeneration	regulates	disease	0.95
STEM CELLS	activates	cell_type	0.95
Parkinson	causes	disease	0.95
Inflammation	associated_with	disease	0.95
HCRT2	expressed_in	protein	0.90
BDNF	expressed_in	gene	0.90
Alzheimer's disease	implicated_in	disease	0.90

Incoming (6825)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
SOD1	associated_with	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	associated_with	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
TAU	associated_with	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	activates	gene	1.00
NF-KB	associated_with	protein	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALS	associated_with	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	activates	gene	1.00
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	1.00
optogenetic stimulation	targets	process	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALS	activates	gene	1.00
TARDBP	associated_with	gene	1.00
GENES	activates	gene	1.00
PARKINSON	associated_with	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	associated_with	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTE	activates	cell_type	1.00
ALZHEIMER	associated_with	gene	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	activates	gene	1.00
CYTOKINES	activates	gene	1.00
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	activates	gene	1.00
NF-ΚB	activates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	activates	gene	1.00
PARKINSON	activates	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	activates	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	activates	gene	1.00
GENES	expressed_in	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS	activates	gene	1.00
MOTOR NEURONS	associated_with	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	associated_with	gene	1.00
COMPLEMENT	activates	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA ACTIVATION	activates	gene	1.00
ROS	activates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	activates	gene	0.98
MICROGLIA	inhibits	cell_type	0.98
APP	associated_with	gene	0.98
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	0.98
GSDME	expressed_in	protein	0.95
DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS	activates	cell_type	0.95
IPSC	inhibits	cell_type	0.95
NEUROGENESIS	activates	process	0.95
CORTEX	activates	brain_region	0.95
HIPPOCAMPUS	protects_against	brain_region	0.95

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.968	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV interneurons to restore	0.959	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.955	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.912	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Beta-frequency entrainment therapy targeting PV interneuron-	0.884	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II parvalbumin interneurons to	0.869	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.865	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi	0.865	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated	0.865	molecular-neurobiology	How does lncRNA-0021 achieve sequence-sp
SFPQ Paralog Displacement Triggers Cryptic Polyadenylation a	0.864	als	-
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneuro	0.863	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
ATM Kinase Hyperactivation Triggers DNA Damage Response Over	0.837	als	-
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.827	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targe	0.827	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
GLE1-Mediated mRNA Export Defect Creates Translation-Compete	0.823	als	-
Inhibiting Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Receptor-Mediated Ne	0.822	neuroscience	Trans-synaptic tau spreading and propaga
SLC7A11 System Activation Restores Cystine Uptake and GSH Sy	0.812	neurodegeneration	Can ferroptosis inhibitors prevent BBB d
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress	0.811	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
TIA1 Low-Complexity Domain Oxidation Drives Aberrant Stress	0.810	als	-
MATR3 Nuclear Body Disruption Impairs RNA Processing Hubs an	0.801	als	-
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV	0.797	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
NMN Supplementation Restores SIRT1/p66Shc/FOXO3 Epigenetic A	0.790	neurodegeneration	epigenetic reprogramming aging neurons
Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST in	0.784	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
LAMP2A Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Defects in Dopaminergi	0.783	neurodegeneration	-
Gamma entrainment reactivates PV+ interneuron ensembles to r	0.777	alzheimers	Gamma entrainment therapy to restore hip
TBK1 Loss Triggers Astrocyte-to-Neuron Senescence Propagatio	0.000	als	What are the mechanisms by which microgl
eIF2α Phosphorylation Imbalance Disrupts Mitochondrial Prote	0.000	als	-
TBK1 Loss Triggers eIF2α-Mediated Translational Repression T	0.000	als	What are the mechanisms by which microgl
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.000	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound with gamma entra	0.000	alzheimers	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Mentioning Analyses (2)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What are the precise temporal dynamics of astrocyte ketone production decline du

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.808

Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transcriptomic data)

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-03 | 19 hypotheses Top: 0.891

Experiments (4)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn	clinical	Alzheimer's disease and relate	0.950	human patients	proposed	N/A
SIRPα modulation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease	validation	Alzheimer's disease	0.900	mouse models of Alzheimer's di	proposed	N/A
Autophagy receptor identification for stress granule elimination	exploratory	neurodegenerative diseases	0.900	cultured cells under arsenite	proposed	N/A
Microglial SIRPα expression in human Alzheimer's disease tissue	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.800	human brain tissue	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (12)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
Targeting Neural Oscillations for Cognitive Enhancement in Alzheimer’s Disease [PMID:40142358]	Federica Palacino, P. Manganotti, A. Ben	{'name': 'Medicina', 'volume':	2025
Roles of NAD+ in Health and Aging. [PMID:37848251]	Lautrup S, Hou Y, Fang EF, Bohr VA	Cold Spring Harbor perspective	2024
P-tau217 correlates with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting [PMID:38513667]	Zhang D, Zhang W, Ming C, Gao X, Yuan H,	Neuron	2024
The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disea [PMID:38852117]	Balusu S, De Strooper B	Acta neuropathologica	2024
The different autophagy degradation pathways and neurodegeneration. [PMID:35134347]	Fleming A, Bourdenx M, Fujimaki M, Karab	Neuron	2022
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer's Disease. [PMID:34069890]	Burillo J, Marqués P, Jiménez B, Gonzále	Cells	2021
Impact of 40 Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Cerebral Tau Bur [PMID:34958021]	M. Dhaynaut, G. Sprugnoli, D. Cappon	{'name': "Journal of Alzheimer	2021
WDR45 contributes to neurodegeneration through regulation of ER homeostasis and [PMID:31204559]	["Wan Huida", "Wang Qi", "Chen Xiuting",	Autophagy	2020
WDR45 contributes to neurodegeneration through regulation of ER homeostasis and [PMID:31204559]	["Wan Huida", "Wang Qi", "Chen Xiuting",	Autophagy	2020
Mitophagy inhibits amyloid-β and tau pathology and reverses cognitive defi [PMID:30742114]	Unknown	Nature neuroscience	2019
Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in tra [PMID:17021169]	["Oakley, Holly", "Cole, Sarah L", "Loga	The Journal of neuroscience :	2006
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road [PMID:12130773]	["Hardy, John", "Selkoe, Dennis J"]	Science (New York, N.Y.)	2002

Debates (9)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Second debate: Microglial TREM2-SYK Pathway Enhancement

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.57 · 2026-04-28

Debate: LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Remodeling as the Primary Ferroptotic Primin

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.12 · 2026-04-27

Debate: ALOX15-Driven Enzymatic Ferroptosis in AD Oligodendrocytes via PUFA-PE P

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.42 · 2026-04-27

Debate: LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Amplification of Ferroptotic Vulnerability i

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.48 · 2026-04-27

Debate: ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Oligodendrocytes

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.47 · 2026-04-27

Should '40 Hz Gamma Entrainment Gates ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptotic Priming to Sele

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.52 · 2026-04-27

Should 'ACSL4-Ferroptotic Priming in Stressed Oligodendrocytes Drives White Matt

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.72 · 2026-04-27

The debate identified a critical therapeutic window when astrocytic ketone produ

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.85 · 2026-04-15

What cell types are most vulnerable in Alzheimers Disease based on SEA-AD transc

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-03

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning NEURON in their description or question text