Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node
This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about TGM2: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.
Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes protein cross-linking, implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease through promotion of protein aggregation.
| Gene Symbol | TGM2 |
| Full Name | Transglutaminase 2 |
| Protein Type | Enzyme |
| Target Class | Enzyme |
| Function | Small molecule inhibitors of transglutaminase enzymatic activity |
| Mechanism of Action | Small molecule inhibitors of transglutaminase enzymatic activity |
| Primary Expression | various tissues, including the central nervous system, where it is particularly abundant in neurons and glial cells |
| Druggability | Medium (0.49) |
| Clinical Stage | Phase II |
| Molecular Weight | 77 kDa |
| Amino Acids | 687 aa |
| Pathways | Autophagy, G Protein Signaling, Histone Modification, neuronal differentiation |
| UniProt ID | A2A2A0 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000198959 |
| GeneCards | TGM2 |
| Human Protein Atlas | TGM2 |
| Associated Diseases | ALS, Aging, Alzheimer, Alzheimer'S Disease |
| Known Drugs/Compounds | Cystamine Dihydrochloride, Urolithin A, organophosphates |
| Interactions | GPNMB, HMGB1, C1Q, APP, S100B, STAT1 |
| SciDEX Target | View Target Profile (5 clinical trials) |
| SciDEX Hypotheses | Transglutaminase-2 Cross-Linking Inhibition Strate Low Complexity Domain Cross-Linking Inhibition |
| KG Connections | 807 knowledge graph edges |
| Databases | GeneCardsNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
Knowledge base pages for this entity
flowchart TD
TGM2["TGM2<br/>(Transglutaminase 2)"]
%% Protective mechanisms
TGM2 --|"inhibits"|--> Inflammation["Inflammation"]
TGM2 --|"inhibits"|--> Neuroinflammation["Neuroinflammation"]
TGM2 --|"inhibits"|--> Senescence["Cellular<br/>Senescence"]
TGM2 --|"inhibits"|--> Aging["Aging<br/>Process"]
%% Neurodegenerative diseases
TGM2 --|"regulates"|--> Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
TGM2 --|"inhibits"|--> Alzheimer["Alzheimer's<br/>Disease"]
TGM2 --|"associated_with"|--> Dementia["Dementia"]
TGM2 --|"associated_with"|--> ALS["ALS"]
TGM2 --|"regulates"|--> MS["Multiple<br/>Sclerosis"]
%% Psychiatric conditions
TGM2 --|"associated_with"|--> Schizophrenia["Schizophrenia"]
TGM2 --|"associated_with"|--> Depression["Depression"]
TGM2 --|"associated_with"|--> Anxiety["Anxiety"]
TGM2 --|"associated_with"|--> Autism["Autism"]
%% Cancer pathways
TGM2 --|"regulates"|--> Cancer["Cancer"]
TGM2 --|"biomarker_for"|--> Glioblastoma["Glioblastoma<br/>Multiforme"]
TGM2 --|"promotes"|--> Radioresistance["Radioresistance"]
%% Therapeutic implications
Radioresistance --|"reduces_efficacy"|--> Radiotherapy["Radiotherapy<br/>Treatment"]
style TGM2 fill:#006494
style Inflammation fill:#ef5350
style Neuroinflammation fill:#ef5350
style Senescence fill:#ef5350
style Aging fill:#ef5350
style Neurodegeneration fill:#ef5350
style Alzheimer fill:#ef5350
style Dementia fill:#ef5350
style ALS fill:#ef5350
style MS fill:#ef5350
style Schizophrenia fill:#5d4400
style Depression fill:#5d4400
style Anxiety fill:#5d4400
style Autism fill:#5d4400
style Cancer fill:#ef5350
style Glioblastoma fill:#ef5350
style Radioresistance fill:#ef5350
style Radiotherapy fill:#1b5e20| Target | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion | regulates | process | 0.95 |
| Alternative Splicing | associated_with | process | 0.95 |
| LC3 | binds_to | entity | 0.95 |
| H3Q5ser | modulates | phenotype | 0.95 |
| NFKB | activates | entity | 0.95 |
| MICROGLIA | expressed_in | entity | 0.95 |
| SEROTONYLATION | mediates | entity | 0.95 |
| Radioresistance | contributes_to | phenotype | 0.92 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | promotes | disease | 0.92 |
| Senescent Microglia | upregulates | cell_type | 0.90 |
| LC3 | binds | protein | 0.90 |
| ER-Mitochondria Contacts | regulates | process | 0.90 |
| TRANSGLUTAMINASE CROSSLINKING | catalyzes | enzyme | 0.90 |
| IκBα | associated_with | protein | 0.90 |
| POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION | mediates | entity | 0.90 |
| Er-Mitochondria Contacts | modulates | process | 0.90 |
| Transglutaminase Crosslinking | mediates | mechanism | 0.90 |
| Kinase Activity | mediates | mechanism | 0.90 |
| NFKB1 | drives | protein | 0.90 |
| Radiosensitivity | regulates | phenotype | 0.90 |
| THERAPEUTIC_TARGET | therapeutic_target | entity | 0.90 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | regulates | entity | 0.90 |
| MAP1LC3 | binds | gene | 0.90 |
| MYC | interacts_with | gene | 0.88 |
| G Protein Signaling | involved_in | pathway | 0.85 |
| KINASE ACTIVITY | catalyzes | enzyme | 0.85 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma | biomarker_for | disease | 0.85 |
| SASP | drives | process | 0.85 |
| therapeutic_target | associated_with | pathway | 0.85 |
| radioresistance | promotes | phenotype | 0.85 |
| ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE | associated_with | entity | 0.85 |
| Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype | therapeutic_target | phenotype | 0.80 |
| IκBα | catalyzes_covalent_cross-linking_of | protein | 0.80 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | implicated_in | entity | 0.80 |
| unfolded protein response | participates_in | pathway | 0.80 |
| oxidative stress response | participates_in | pathway | 0.80 |
| inflammation | associated_with | biological_process | 0.80 |
| protein_crosslinking_pathway | catalyzes | pathway | 0.80 |
| Wound Healing | associated_with | process | 0.75 |
| phagocytic capacity | downregulates | phenotype | 0.75 |
| Cancer | associated_with | disease | 0.75 |
| Neurodegeneration | associated_with | disease | 0.75 |
| Inflammation | associated_with | process | 0.75 |
| radioresistance | associated_with | process | 0.70 |
| glioblastoma multiforme | biomarker_for | disease | 0.70 |
| radioresistance | activates | process | 0.70 |
| glioblastoma multiforme | associated_with | disease | 0.70 |
| radiotherapy | regulates | process | 0.70 |
| human disease | implications_for | disease | 0.70 |
| wound healing | involved_in | process | 0.70 |
| Source | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| SDC1 | interacts_with | protein | 0.95 |
| alternative splicing | modulates | process | 0.90 |
| Alternative Splicing | regulates | biological_process | 0.90 |
| h-69d383ea | targets_gene | hypothesis | 0.90 |
| h-d4f71a6b | targets_gene | hypothesis | 0.90 |
| Cystamine Dihydrochloride | inhibits | drug | 0.85 |
| Urolithin A | modulates | compound | 0.85 |
| h-69d383ea | targets | hypothesis | 0.80 |
| SDC1 | binds | gene | 0.80 |
| C-terminal truncated TGM2 | interacts_with | protein | 0.80 |
| SDC1 | transported_by | gene | 0.70 |
| VAMP8 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| LAMP2 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| GBM | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| LC3 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| EPG5 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| STX17 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| SQSTM1 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| SNAP29 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| SDC1 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| FGF21 | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| APP | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| FNDC5 | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| S100B | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| PLAU | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| CXCL10 | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| C1Q | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| CX3CL1 | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| VIM | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| BDNF | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| P62 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| FGF23 | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| GPNMB | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| PROGRANULIN | biomarker_for | gene | 0.60 |
| HMGB1 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| MYC | regulates | gene | 0.60 |
| GBM | expressed_in | gene | 0.60 |
| EPG5 | mediates | entity | 0.60 |
| SDC1 | mediates | entity | 0.60 |
| SDC1 | expressed_in | entity | 0.60 |
| GBM | activates | entity | 0.60 |
| SDC1 | activates | entity | 0.60 |
| EPG5 | interacts_with | entity | 0.60 |
| LC3 | interacts_with | entity | 0.60 |
| SNAP29 | interacts_with | entity | 0.60 |
| STX17 | interacts_with | entity | 0.60 |
| GBM | inhibits | entity | 0.60 |
| EPG5 | therapeutic_target | entity | 0.60 |
| GBM | therapeutic_target | entity | 0.60 |
| SDC1 | therapeutic_target | entity | 0.60 |
Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target
| Hypothesis | Score | Disease | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transglutaminase-2 Cross-Linking Inhibition Strategy | 0.488 | neurodegeneration | Protein aggregation cross-seeding across |
| Low Complexity Domain Cross-Linking Inhibition | 0.415 | neurodegeneration | TDP-43 phase separation therapeutics for |
Scientific analyses that reference this entity
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.575
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.488
Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity
| Title & PMID | Authors | Journal | Year | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tgm2-Catalyzed Covalent Cross-Linking of IκBα Drives NF-κB Nuclear Translocation [PMID:39749582] | Li Z, Wang T, Du S, Miao Z, Zhao Y, Tang | Aging Cell | 2025 | 1 |
| Role of Serotonylation and SERT Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's D [PMID:39254383] | Reddy AP, Rawat P, Rohr N, Alvir R, Bish | Aging Dis | 2024 | 1 |
| SDC1-dependent TGM2 determines radiosensitivity in glioblastoma by coordinating [PMID:35913916] | Zheng W, Chen Q, Liu H, Zeng L, Zhou Y, | Autophagy | 2023 | 1 |
| How autophagy controls the intestinal epithelial barrier. [PMID:33906557] | Foerster EG, Mukherjee T, Cabral-Fernand | Autophagy | 2022 | 1 |
| TGM2 and implications for human disease: role of alternative splicing. [PMID:23276939] | Lai TS, Greenberg CS | Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) | 2013 | 1 |
| Transglutaminase 2 modulates inflammatory angiogenesis via vascular endothelial [PMID:40619121] | Zhou G, Zhang M, Zheng S, Yang G, Li L e | J Adv Res | 2026 | 0 |
| Anti-Proliferative Effects of Resveratrol on Gingival Fibroblasts Derived From A [PMID:41964344] | Kara B, Saygun NI, Köse Özkan C, Özgül S | J Periodontal Res | 2026 | 0 |
| Combining bulk and scRNA-seq to explore the molecular mechanisms governing the d [PMID:38501838] | Zhu S, Cheng Q, Zou M, Li C, Tang Y, Xia | Journal of cellular and molecu | 2024 | 0 |
| The Search for a Universal Treatment for Defined and Mixed Pathology Neurodegene [PMID:39769187] | O'Day DH | International journal of molec | 2024 | 0 |
| Allosteric Activation of Transglutaminase 2 via Inducing an "Open" Conformation [PMID:37088726] | Yang Z, Zhang XW, Zhuo FF, Liu TT, Luo Q | Advanced science (Weinheim, Ba | 2023 | 0 |
| [WALANT - Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet: Complications in elective [PMID:35168268] | Wieschollek S, Forster S, Megerle K | Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, | 2022 | 0 |
| Calmodulin Binding Domains in Critical Risk Proteins Involved in Neurodegenerati [PMID:36421678] | ["O'Day D"] | Current issues in molecular bi | 2022 | 0 |
| A Consensus-Developed Morphological Re-Evaluation of 196 High-Grade Gastroentero [PMID:33002892] | ["Elvebakken H", "Perren A", "Scoazec J" | Neuroendocrinology | 2021 | 0 |
| Urolithin A suppresses high glucose-induced neuronal amyloidogenesis by modulati [PMID:32704090] | Lee HJ, Jung YH, Choi GE | Cell Death Differ | 2021 | 0 |
| Engineering complex communities by directed evolution. [PMID:33986540] | Chang CY, Vila JCC, Bender M, Li R, Mank | Nature ecology & evolution | 2021 | 0 |
| Successful Nonoperative Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Humeral Ca [PMID:34825100] | Tajika T, Kuboi T, Endo F, Hatori Y, Sai | Progress in rehabilitation med | 2021 | 0 |
| Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpress [PMID:33073191] | ["Zhou Y", "Mowlazadeh Haghighi S", "Liu | ACS pharmacology & translation | 2020 | 0 |
| Dietary Gluten and Neurodegeneration: A Case for Preclinical Studies. [PMID:32751379] | Mohan M, Okeoma CM, Sestak K | International journal of molec | 2020 | 0 |
| An in vitro model maintaining taxon-specific functional activities of the gut mi [PMID:31515476] | ["Li L", "Abou-Samra E", "Ning Z", "Zhan | Nature communications | 2019 | 0 |
| Human and mouse albumin bind their respective neonatal Fc receptors differently. [PMID:30279529] | ["Nilsen J", "Bern M", "Sand K", "Grevys | Scientific reports | 2018 | 0 |