protein

TGF-Β1

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about TGF-Β1: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

88Connections

2Hypotheses

1Analyses

50Outgoing

28Incoming

0Experiments

1Debates

Summary

Page for TGF-β1 Protein

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🔬 Protein Info

Gene Symbol	TGF
Function	TGF-β Receptor 1 (TGFBR1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that serves as the primary type I receptor for transforming growth factor-beta ligands in the nervous system.
Molecular Weight	~56 kDa
Amino Acids	503 amino acids
Pathways	unfolded protein response, TGF-beta signaling, neurotrophin signaling, NF-kB signaling, oxidative stress response
GeneCards	TGF
Human Protein Atlas	TGF
Associated Diseases	ALS, Alzheimer, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, glioblastoma
Known Drugs/Compounds	curcumin, rapamycin
Interactions	ADAMTS4, AKT, AMPK, ANGPT1, APP, AQP1
KG Connections	251 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    TGF__1["TGF-Beta1"]
    Hepatic_Stellate_Cell_Activati["Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation"]
    TGF__1 -->|"mediates"| Hepatic_Stellate_Cell_Activati
    Pulmonary_Fibrosis{"Pulmonary Fibrosis"}
    TGF__1 -->|"causes"| Pulmonary_Fibrosis
    RNA(["RNA"])
    TGF__1 -->|"activates"| RNA
    WAS(["WAS"])
    TGF__1 -->|"activates"| WAS
    SPTLC1(["SPTLC1"])
    TGF__1 -->|"activates"| SPTLC1
    ALZHEIMER(["ALZHEIMER"])
    ALZHEIMER -->|"activates"| TGF__1
    AMYLOID(["AMYLOID"])
    AMYLOID -->|"activates"| TGF__1
    APP(["APP"])
    APP -->|"activates"| TGF__1
    NEURON(["NEURON"])
    NEURON -->|"co_discussed"| TGF__1
    style TGF__1 fill:#1a3a4a,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#4fc3f7

Outgoing (60)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
fibrotic remodeling	drives	process	0.90
fibrotic remodeling	promotes	process	0.90
AMPK/mTOR pathway	activates	pathway	0.90
Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation	mediates	process	0.90
HSC Activation	mediates	process	0.90
CCN2	activates	protein	0.85
PIEZO2	upregulates	gene	0.85
fibroblast differentiation	causes	phenotype	0.80
Hepatic Stellate Cells	activates	cell_type	0.80
Pulmonary Fibrosis	causes	disease	0.80
Hepatic Fibrosis	causes	disease	0.80
Smad	activates	pathway	0.80
microglial NLRP3 inflammasome	suppresses	mechanism	0.70
neurite damage	protects_against	process	0.70
mitochondrial function	regulates	process	0.70
PI3K	activates	protein	0.70
microglia	regulates	cell_type	0.70
microglial trained immunity	inhibits	phenotype	0.70
NF-κB-dependent transcription	inhibits	pathway	0.70
NLRP3 Inflammasome	inhibits	gene	0.70
SMAD2/3	activates	pathway	0.70
microglial inflammation	inhibits	phenotype	0.70
Pulmonary Fibrosis	activates	disease	0.50
PARKINSON	regulates	gene	0.50
Parkinson's Disease	regulates	disease	0.50
disease	regulates	disease	0.50
PARKINSON'S	regulates	concept	0.50
STEM CELLS	regulates	concept	0.50
TNF-α	activates	concept	0.50
Jak-Stat	activates	pathway	0.50
IL-17	activates	concept	0.50
Cardiac	activates	disease	0.50
Fibroblast	activates	cell_type	0.50
FIBROBLASTS	activates	concept	0.50
Toll-Like Receptor	activates	pathway	0.50
Proteins	activates	protein	0.50
FGF-2	activates	protein	0.50
apoptosis	activates	process	0.50
Macrophage	activates	cell_type	0.50
Epithelial Cell	activates	cell_type	0.50
inflammation	inhibits	pathway	0.50
NF-κB	inhibits	concept	0.50
Astrocyte	inhibits	cell_type	0.50
APP/PS1	inhibits	concept	0.50
Cognitive Impairment	inhibits	phenotype	0.50
Astrocytes	inhibits	cell_type	0.50
Cognitive Decline	inhibits	disease	0.50
MACROPHAGES	activates	concept	0.50
Reactive Oxygen Species	activates	process	0.50
Proteins	inhibits	protein	0.50

Incoming (28)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
Glucose	upregulates	compound	0.85
FOXO1	regulates	gene	0.85
FoxO1	regulates	transcription_factor	0.80
BMAL1	inhibits	gene	0.70
AMPK	inhibits	gene	0.70
NF-ΚB	activates	gene	0.50
FGF-2	co_discussed	protein	0.50
GENES	co_discussed	gene	0.50
PIEZO1	activates	gene	0.50
PIEZO2	activates	gene	0.50
Autophagy	activates	process	0.50
STX11	activates	gene	0.50
SNAP25	activates	gene	0.50
SPP1	activates	gene	0.50
PRKAA1	activates	gene	0.50
TLR4	activates	gene	0.50
SNCA	inhibits	gene	0.50
SNCA	activates	gene	0.50
VIMENTIN	activates	protein	0.50
Neuroinflammation	inhibits	process	0.50
microglia	activates	cell_type	0.50
AMYLOID	activates	gene	0.50
ALZHEIMER	activates	gene	0.50
NEURON	co_discussed	gene	0.50
APP	activates	gene	0.50
FOXO1	activates	gene	0.50
CCL4	activates	gene	0.50
FOXO1	inhibits	gene	0.50

Targeting Hypotheses (2)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
TGF-β1–SMAD2/3 Axis as Master Suppressor of Microglial Train	0.712	neuroinflammation	What specific astrocyte-derived factors
TGF-β1-SMAD Signaling Dysregulation	0.380	neurodegeneration	Which specific factors in conditioned me

Mentioning Analyses (1)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What specific astrocyte-derived factors can 'erase' pathological microglial memo

neuroinflammation | 2026-04-08 | 5 hypotheses Top: 0.712

Experiments (0)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
No experiments found

Related Papers (0)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
No papers found

Debates (1)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

The astrocyte-mediated hypothesis proposes memory erasure but provides no molecu

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.65 · 2026-04-21

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning TGF-Β1 in their description or question text

No additional research found