Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node
This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about CS: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.
CS encodes citrate synthase, a key mitochondrial enzyme in the TCA cycle with important roles in neuronal energy metabolism and neurodegeneration.
| Gene Symbol | CS |
| Full Name | Citrate Synthase |
| Aliases | CS, CS1 |
| Chromosome | 12p15 |
| Protein Type | Enzyme |
| Function | is a nuclear-encoded gene located on chromosome 12p15 that encodes citrate synthase, a key mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). |
| Primary Expression | virtually all tissues with high activity in: - Heart: Highest expression (high energy demand) - Liver: Central metabolic hub - Kidney: Act |
| Amino Acids | 466 aa |
| UniProt ID | O75390 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 1451 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000143228 |
| OMIM | 118950 |
| GeneCards | CS |
| Human Protein Atlas | CS |
| Associated Diseases | Huntington's disease, neurodegeneration |
| Known Drugs/Compounds | quercetin, rapamycin |
| Interactions | PINK1, PRKN, CXCL1, CXCL8, GLB1, LC3 |
| KG Connections | 48 knowledge graph edges |
| Databases | GeneCardsHPASTRING |
Knowledge base pages for this entity
flowchart TD
N0["CS"]
N1["neurodegeneration"]
N0 -->|"associated with"| N1
N2["PINK1"]
N0 -->|"activates"| N2
N3["PRKN"]
N0 -->|"activates"| N3
N4["senescence"]
N0 -->|"participates in"| N4
N5["CXCL1"]
N0 -->|"activates"| N5
N6["CXCL8"]
N0 -->|"activates"| N6
N7["GLB1"]
N0 -->|"activates"| N7
N8["LC3"]
N0 -->|"activates"| N8
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class N0 gene
class N1 disease
class N2 gene
class N3 gene
class N4 pathway
class N5 gene
class N6 gene
class N7 gene
class N8 gene| Target | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| neurodegeneration | associated_with | disease | 0.70 |
| PINK1 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| PRKN | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| CXCL1 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| CXCL8 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| GLB1 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| LC3 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| MTOR | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| NDP52 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| OPTN | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| PTEN | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| TNF | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| DRP1 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| MFF | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| MFN2 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| OPA1 | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| PI3K | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| IGF1R | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| TH | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| PYCARD | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| neuroinflammation | activates | disease | 0.60 |
| neurodegeneration | activates | disease | 0.60 |
| neurodegeneration | causes | disease | 0.60 |
| senescence | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| MAP1LC3 | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| Alzheimer's disease | activates | disease | 0.60 |
| autophagy pathway | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| apoptosis pathway | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| oxidative stress response | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| ubiquitin-proteasome | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| mitochondrial function | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| GSH | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| ROS | activates | gene | 0.60 |
| lipid metabolism | participates_in | pathway | 0.60 |
| RNA | associated_with | gene | 0.60 |
| Huntington's disease | associated_with | disease | 0.60 |
| RNA | regulates | gene | 0.60 |
| macrophages | expressed_in | cell_type | 0.55 |
| stem cells | expressed_in | cell_type | 0.55 |
Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target
Scientific analyses that reference this entity
drug delivery | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses
immunology | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses
neuroinflammation | 2026-04-15 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.650
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.675
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses
Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity
| Title & PMID | Authors | Journal | Year | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegenerat [PMID:37995685] | Litvinchuk A, Suh JH, Guo JL, Lin K, Dav | Neuron | 2024 | 1 |
| The cell biology of APOE in the brain. [PMID:37805344] | Windham IA, Cohen S | Trends Cell Biol | 2024 | 1 |
| The APOE-R136S mutation protects against APOE4-driven Tau pathology, neurodegene [PMID:37957317] | Maxine R Nelson, Peng Liu, Ayushi Agrawa | Nature neuroscience | 2023 | 1 |
| APOE and Alzheimer's disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therape [PMID:33340485] | Serrano-Pozo A, Das S, Hyman BT | Lancet Neurol | 2021 | 1 |
| Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins. [PMID:32728216] | Banik SM, Pedram K, Wisnovsky S, Ahn G, | Nature | 2020 | 1 |
| Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies. [PMID:31564456] | Long JM, Holtzman DM | Cell | 2019 | 1 |
| Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies. [PMID:31367008] | Yamazaki Y, Zhao N, Caulfield TR, Liu CC | Nat Rev Neurol | 2019 | 1 |
| Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associate [PMID:41905188] | Cetindag AC, Schipke CG, Esselmann H, Kr | The journal of prevention of A | 2026 | 0 |
| Perioperative polygenic and APOE-based genetic risk assessment for neurocognitiv [PMID:40562635] | Thedim M, Hu J, Maher M, Wiener-Kronish | Br J Anaesth | 2026 | 0 |
| Increased genetic protection against Alzheimer's disease in centenarians. [PMID:40615639] | Bae H, Song Z, Ali A, Sasaki T, Tesi N e | Geroscience | 2026 | 0 |
| Integrative machine learning approach to risk prediction for dementia and Alzhei [PMID:40864401] | Stern A, Linial M | Geroscience | 2026 | 0 |
| Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Derived Proplatelet Basic Protein Exacerbates Psoriasi [PMID:40886963] | Zhu L, Du L, Wu J, Ding D, Wang J et al. | J Invest Dermatol | 2026 | 0 |
| Restoration of p53 mRNA combined with BRD4 silencing by brain targeted nanocapsu [PMID:41101204] | Sang Y, Cao Y, Li S, Quan Y, Wang S et a | Biomaterials | 2026 | 0 |
| Targeting KAT8 alleviates vascular senescence by modulating the INHBA/TGF-β path [PMID:41445196] | Lin Z, Xiong J, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhu M | Mol Ther | 2026 | 0 |
| Menopause, cognition, and Alzheimer's disease risk. [PMID:41531227] | Samudra N, Vemuri M, Weitlauf J | Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol | 2026 | 0 |
| ApoE-directed CpG nano-immunoadjuvant ameliorates Alzheimer's-like pathology in [PMID:41651379] | Huang X, Sun YY, Qin YR, Chen H, Pan TT | J Control Release | 2026 | 0 |
| Albofungin vesicle nanobombs trigger lysosomal disruption for self-enhanced pyro [PMID:41679437] | Chen C, Tan S, Zhu X, Song Z, Xing Y et | J Control Release | 2026 | 0 |
| Covalent Bond Locking in Semiconducting Oligomers Boosts Ultrabright NIR-II Lumi [PMID:41757652] | Li X, Gan H, Zhang C, Gao Y, Zhang J et | Angew Chem Int Ed Engl | 2026 | 0 |
| Inflammation-related miR-155-5p as an APOE ε4-modulated biomarker for amyloid pa [PMID:41930593] | Yoshida K, Saito N, Takahashi R, Ando S, | J Alzheimers Dis | 2026 | 0 |
| UBE2I Alleviates Pyroptosis in Coronary Heart Disease by Promoting the SUMOylati [PMID:41930933] | Ding SK | Immunol Invest | 2026 | 0 |