gene

CS

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about CS: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

48Connections
21Hypotheses
30Analyses
40Outgoing
8Incoming

Summary

CS encodes citrate synthase, a key mitochondrial enzyme in the TCA cycle with important roles in neuronal energy metabolism and neurodegeneration.

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🧬 Gene Info
Gene SymbolCS
Full NameCitrate Synthase
AliasesCS, CS1
Chromosome12p15
Protein TypeEnzyme
Functionis a nuclear-encoded gene located on chromosome 12p15 that encodes citrate synthase, a key mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle).
Primary Expressionvirtually all tissues with high activity in: - Heart: Highest expression (high energy demand) - Liver: Central metabolic hub - Kidney: Act
Amino Acids466 aa
UniProt IDO75390
NCBI Gene ID1451
Ensembl IDENSG00000143228
OMIM118950
GeneCardsCS
Human Protein AtlasCS
Associated DiseasesHuntington's disease, neurodegeneration
Known Drugs/Compoundsquercetin, rapamycin
InteractionsPINK1, PRKN, CXCL1, CXCL8, GLB1, LC3
KG Connections48 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsHPASTRING
🔮 Predicted Structure: CS — AlphaFold O75390 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

CS Gene

gene · 798 words

CNTN6 — Contactin 6

gene · 4611 words

substantia-nigra

brain_region · 4437 words

Copper Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegeneration

mechanism · 4255 words

CNTN3 — Contactin 3

gene · 4253 words

Motor Neuron Disease (MND)

disease · 3843 words

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    N0["CS"]
    N1["neurodegeneration"]
    N0 -->|"associated with"| N1
    N2["PINK1"]
    N0 -->|"activates"| N2
    N3["PRKN"]
    N0 -->|"activates"| N3
    N4["senescence"]
    N0 -->|"participates in"| N4
    N5["CXCL1"]
    N0 -->|"activates"| N5
    N6["CXCL8"]
    N0 -->|"activates"| N6
    N7["GLB1"]
    N0 -->|"activates"| N7
    N8["LC3"]
    N0 -->|"activates"| N8

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    class N0 gene
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    class N6 gene
    class N7 gene
    class N8 gene

Outgoing (40)

TargetRelationTypeStr
neurodegenerationassociated_withdisease0.70
PINK1activatesgene0.60
PRKNactivatesgene0.60
CXCL1activatesgene0.60
CXCL8activatesgene0.60

Incoming (8)

SourceRelationTypeStr
AKTactivatesgene0.60
CALCOCO2activatesgene0.60
CDKN1Aactivatesgene0.60
CDKN2Aactivatesgene0.60
BDNFactivatesgene0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (21)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block t 0.697 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
CSF sTREM2 as Pharmacodynamic Biomarker for Therapeutic Wind 0.674 neuroimmunology What is the temporal sequence of TREM2 s
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress 0.670 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Micro 0.662 Alzheimer's Disease Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II parvalbumin interneurons to 0.660 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST in 0.625 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
CSF Biomarker-Guided ABCA7 Therapeutic Dosing 0.619 neurodegeneration Why does the V1613M variant reduce amylo
HSPB1 Phosphorylation Mimetics to Promote Protective TDP-43 0.598 neurodegeneration What is the therapeutic window between i
Selective APOE4 Degradation via Proteolysis Targeting Chimer 0.595 neurodegeneration APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic
TREM2-CSF1R Cross-Talk in Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming 0.589 neurodegeneration Gene expression changes in aging mouse b
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance 0.578 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Senescent Microglia Resolution via Maresins-Senolytics Combi 0.552 neurodegeneration Neuroinflammation resolution mechanisms
40 Hz Gamma Entrainment Gates ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptotic Pri 0.515 Alzheimer's Disease Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
ACSL4-Ferroptotic Priming in Stressed Oligodendrocytes Drive 0.512 Alzheimer's Disease Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Oligo 0.493 Alzheimer's Disease Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio Dynamics in CSF as a Neuroinflammatio 0.486 translational neuroscience Which metabolic biomarkers can distingui
Lipid Droplet Dynamics as Phenotype Switches 0.463 neurodegeneration Astrocyte reactivity subtypes in neurode
Interfacial Lipid Mimetics to Disrupt Domain Interaction 0.459 neurodegeneration APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic
Lysosomal Positioning Dynamics Modulation 0.430 neurodegeneration Autophagy-lysosome pathway convergence a
Synaptic Phosphatidylserine Masking via Annexin A1 Mimetics 0.424 neurodegeneration Synaptic pruning by microglia in early A
Astrocytic Lactate Shuttle Enhancement for Grid Cell Bioener 0.412 neurodegeneration Selective vulnerability of entorhinal co

Mentioning Analyses (30)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

How do synthetic EVs achieve brain-specific targeting while avoiding reticuloend

drug delivery | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses

What determines the GPX4/ACSL4 balance that switches microglia from protective t

immunology | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses

What molecular mechanisms mediate SPP1-induced microglial phagocytic activation

neuroinflammation | 2026-04-15 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.650

How does engineered C. butyricum cross the blood-brain barrier to directly bind

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.675

What molecular mechanisms enable Gal3 to enhance tau fibrillation upon binding t

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegenerat [PMID:37995685] Litvinchuk A, Suh JH, Guo JL, Lin K, Dav Neuron 2024 1
The cell biology of APOE in the brain. [PMID:37805344] Windham IA, Cohen S Trends Cell Biol 2024 1
The APOE-R136S mutation protects against APOE4-driven Tau pathology, neurodegene [PMID:37957317] Maxine R Nelson, Peng Liu, Ayushi Agrawa Nature neuroscience 2023 1
APOE and Alzheimer's disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therape [PMID:33340485] Serrano-Pozo A, Das S, Hyman BT Lancet Neurol 2021 1
Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins. [PMID:32728216] Banik SM, Pedram K, Wisnovsky S, Ahn G, Nature 2020 1
Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies. [PMID:31564456] Long JM, Holtzman DM Cell 2019 1
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies. [PMID:31367008] Yamazaki Y, Zhao N, Caulfield TR, Liu CC Nat Rev Neurol 2019 1
Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associate [PMID:41905188] Cetindag AC, Schipke CG, Esselmann H, Kr The journal of prevention of A 2026 0
Perioperative polygenic and APOE-based genetic risk assessment for neurocognitiv [PMID:40562635] Thedim M, Hu J, Maher M, Wiener-Kronish Br J Anaesth 2026 0
Increased genetic protection against Alzheimer's disease in centenarians. [PMID:40615639] Bae H, Song Z, Ali A, Sasaki T, Tesi N e Geroscience 2026 0
Integrative machine learning approach to risk prediction for dementia and Alzhei [PMID:40864401] Stern A, Linial M Geroscience 2026 0
Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Derived Proplatelet Basic Protein Exacerbates Psoriasi [PMID:40886963] Zhu L, Du L, Wu J, Ding D, Wang J et al. J Invest Dermatol 2026 0
Restoration of p53 mRNA combined with BRD4 silencing by brain targeted nanocapsu [PMID:41101204] Sang Y, Cao Y, Li S, Quan Y, Wang S et a Biomaterials 2026 0
Targeting KAT8 alleviates vascular senescence by modulating the INHBA/TGF-β path [PMID:41445196] Lin Z, Xiong J, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhu M Mol Ther 2026 0
Menopause, cognition, and Alzheimer's disease risk. [PMID:41531227] Samudra N, Vemuri M, Weitlauf J Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2026 0
ApoE-directed CpG nano-immunoadjuvant ameliorates Alzheimer's-like pathology in [PMID:41651379] Huang X, Sun YY, Qin YR, Chen H, Pan TT J Control Release 2026 0
Albofungin vesicle nanobombs trigger lysosomal disruption for self-enhanced pyro [PMID:41679437] Chen C, Tan S, Zhu X, Song Z, Xing Y et J Control Release 2026 0
Covalent Bond Locking in Semiconducting Oligomers Boosts Ultrabright NIR-II Lumi [PMID:41757652] Li X, Gan H, Zhang C, Gao Y, Zhang J et Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2026 0
Inflammation-related miR-155-5p as an APOE ε4-modulated biomarker for amyloid pa [PMID:41930593] Yoshida K, Saito N, Takahashi R, Ando S, J Alzheimers Dis 2026 0
UBE2I Alleviates Pyroptosis in Coronary Heart Disease by Promoting the SUMOylati [PMID:41930933] Ding SK Immunol Invest 2026 0