gene

C3

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about C3: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

611Connections

3Hypotheses

13Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

8Experiments

15Debates

Summary

C3 is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: co discussed, associated with, activates. Associated with ALS, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE. Connected to 138 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	C3
Full Name	Complement Component 3
Chromosome	19p13.3
Protein Type	Signaling Protein
Target Class	Signaling Protein
Function	Small molecule inhibitor of complement activation or convertase activity
Mechanism of Action	Small molecule inhibitor of complement activation or convertase activity
Druggability	Medium (0.50)
Clinical Stage	Approved
Molecular Weight	110 kDa
Amino Acids	663 aa
Exons	41
Pathways	C1q / complement-mediated synapse elimination, Complement System Activation, Complement-Mediated Microglial Engulfment, Synaptic Pruning
UniProt ID	P01024
NCBI Gene ID	735
GeneCards	C3
Human Protein Atlas	C3
Associated Diseases	Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, Dopaminergic Neuron Loss, Frontotemporal Dementia
Known Drugs/Compounds	CR2_CRRY, curcumin, dimethyl fumarate, resveratrol
Interactions	ADIPOQ, ALPHA_SYN, AMYLOID, AMYLOID_BETA, APOA1, APOE
SciDEX Target	View Target Profile (8 clinical trials)
KG Connections	611 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards HPA STRING

🧬 3D Structure Comparison — C3 Experimental (PDB) vs Predicted (AlphaFold) — click to expand

📄 Experimental Structure

2A74 — X-ray / Cryo-EM

🔮 AI Predicted Structure

P01024 — AlphaFold

Left: Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Right: AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    C3["C3"] -->|"associated"| neurodegeneration["neurodegeneration"]
    C3["C3"] -->|"interacts"| C1Q["C1Q"]
    C3["C3"] -->|"co discussed"| PLA2G4A["PLA2G4A"]
    C1Q_1["C1Q"] -->|"interacts"| C3["C3"]
    BMAL1["BMAL1"] -->|"co discussed"| C3["C3"]
    HK2["HK2"] -->|"co discussed"| C3["C3"]
    MIRO1["MIRO1"] -->|"co discussed"| C3["C3"]
    style C3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:2px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (426)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
C3A	encodes	protein	1.00
CR3	signals_through	receptor	1.00
Parkinson's Disease	involved_in	disease	0.95
complement cascade	involved_in	pathway	0.95
Neuroinflammation	associated_with	process	0.95
Alternative Complement Pathway	component_of	pathway	0.95
Microglial Phagocytosis	mediates	process	0.95
NEUROINFLAMMATION	promotes	process	0.95
NEURODEGENERATION	promotes	process	0.95
oxidative stress response	participates_in	pathway	0.90
NF-kB signaling	participates_in	pathway	0.90
complement cascade	participates_in	pathway	0.90
astrocytes	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
Dopaminergic Neuron Loss	causes	phenotype	0.90
C3A	product_of	protein	0.90
Neurodegeneration	causes	process	0.90
Astroglia	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
ASTROCYTE	secreted_by	cell_type	0.90
microglia	activates	cell_type	0.90
C3Ar	activates	receptor	0.90
astrocytes	activates	cell_type	0.90
neurons	activates	cell_type	0.90
Astrocytes	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
Neuroprotective Astrocyte Reactivity	biomarker_for	phenotype	0.90
microglia	interacts_with	cell_type	0.90
astrocytes	inhibits	cell_type	0.90
Phosphorylated α-Synuclein	upregulates	biomarker	0.88
Phagoptosis	promotes	process	0.88
C3AR	interacts_with	protein	0.87
Complement-Mediated Microglial Engulfment	involved_in	process	0.85
Neurotoxic Astrocyte Reactivity	biomarker_for	phenotype	0.85
Microglia	activates	cell_type	0.85
Phagoptosis	mediates	process	0.85
Synapse Loss	promotes	phenotype	0.85
Synaptic Pruning	involved_in	process	0.85
Synapse Loss	involved_in	phenotype	0.85
Glaucoma	involved_in	disease	0.85
Retinal Ganglion Cell Death	promotes	phenotype	0.85
CR3	binds	receptor	0.85
MICROGLIA	activates	cell_type	0.85
Phagoptosis	associated_with	process	0.85
Alzheimer'S Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.85
Complement System Activation	involved_in	process	0.85
DAM microglia	expressed_in	cell_type	0.85
Microglial Activation	upregulates	process	0.85
ASTROCYTE	interacts_with	cell_type	0.80
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	disease	0.80
neural stem cells	activates	cell_type	0.80
microglia	expressed_in	cell_type	0.80
Glaucoma	upregulates	disease	0.80

Incoming (185)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
MICROGLIA	activates	cell_type	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	disease	1.00
MICROGLIA	associated_with	cell_type	1.00
NF-KB	associated_with	protein	0.98
NFKB1	activates	gene	0.95
NFKB	regulates	protein	0.94
A1 Reactive Astrocytes	upregulates	phenotype	0.92
α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils	upregulates	compound	0.92
C4B	activates	gene	0.90
A1 Reactive Astrocytes	associated_with	phenotype	0.90
h-58e4635a	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	disease	0.90
Alternative Complement Pathway	activates	pathway	0.90
ASTROCYTES	secretes	cell_type	0.90
Reactive Astrocytes	upregulates	cell_type	0.90
Lps	upregulates	compound	0.90
h-494861d2	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
A1 Astrocytes	associated_with	phenotype	0.90
h-538dfc70	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
NEUROINFLAMMATION	upregulates	process	0.90
SNCA	upregulates	protein	0.88
Astrocytes	product_of	cell_type	0.88
NF-ΚB	regulates	protein	0.85
NF-ΚB	upregulates	protein	0.85
APP	upregulates	gene	0.85
CYTOKINES	upregulates	protein	0.85
ASTROCYTES	activates	cell_type	0.82
AMYLOID	associated_with	protein	0.82
MICROGLIA	releases	cell_type	0.80
DAMPS	sustains	biological_process	0.80
ASTROGLIA	expresses	cell_type	0.80
h-58e4635a	targets	hypothesis	0.80
CLU	inhibits	protein	0.80
h-3616325a	targets	hypothesis	0.80
TREM2	upregulates	gene	0.80
Proinflammatory Factors	upregulates	biomarker	0.80
MICROGLIA	expresses	gene	0.80
MICROGLIA	inhibits	cell_type	0.74
ASTROCYTES	inhibits	cell_type	0.74
CR2_CRRY	inhibits	drug	0.72
HYPOXIA	activates	phenotype	0.72
ASTROCYTE	expressed_in	cell_type	0.72
C1Q	activates	protein	0.72
CANCER_CELLS	expressed_in	cell_type	0.72
HMGB1	enhances	gene	0.70
h-494861d2	targets	hypothesis	0.70
BST2	enhances	gene	0.70
PDE4B	regulates	gene	0.70
C1Q	interacts_with	gene	0.68
TNF	associated_with	gene	0.66

Targeting Hypotheses (3)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Selective HDAC3 Inhibition with Cognitive Enhancement	0.779	neurodegeneration	Epigenetic reprogramming in aging neuron
HDAC3-Selective Inhibition for Clock Reset	0.710	neurodegeneration	Epigenetic clocks and biological aging i
C3aR Blockade Disrupts the Microglial-Astrocyte Feedforward	0.614	neuroinflammation	What molecular mechanisms determine whet

Mentioning Analyses (13)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Experiments (8)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Proposed experiment from debate on Epigenetic clocks and biological ag	falsification	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$100,000
Mechanism: Why Does Amyloid Removal Only Slow Decline 27%?	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,500,000
Animal Model Comparison for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapeutics	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,100,000
Epigenetic Dysregulation in Huntington's Disease — Therapeutic Targeti	validation	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$3,000,000
Epigenetic Dysregulation Validation in Parkinson's Disease	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,500,000
Epigenetic Regulation Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disea	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,500,000
Proposed experiment from debate on Microglia activate astrocytes via I	falsification	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$100,000
CRISPR Gene Correction Approaches for CBS/PSP	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Effect of Electronic Prescribing Compared to Paper-Based (Handwritten) Prescribi [PMID:34433219]	Aluga D, Nnyanzi LA, King N, Okolie EA,	Appl Clin Inform	2021	1
Structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua ( [PMID:32891001]	Qin DP, Li HB, Pang QQ, Huang YX, Pan DB	Bioorg Chem	2020	1
Mycobacterium Abscessus: A Rare Cause of Peri-Ductal Mastitis in Endemic Regions [PMID:32580856]	Shaikh A, Vohra LM	J Coll Physicians Surg Pak	2020	1
The scanning ion conductance microscope for cellular physiology. [PMID:23086993]	Lab MJ, Bhargava A, Wright PT, Gorelik J	Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physio	2013	1
Telomere dysfunction causes sustained inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmon [PMID:21885626]	Amsellem V, Gary-Bobo G, Marcos E, Maitr	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	2011	1
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's diseas [PMID:21102463]	Franke A, McGovern DP, Barrett JC, Wang	Nat Genet	2010	1
HDAC3 Preserves the primordial follicle reserve by epigenetically suppressing fe [PMID:41803516]	["Chen Z", "Guo J", "Gao M", "Wang H", "	Cellular and molecular life sc	2026	0
Determination of the effects of [PMID:41823023]	["Yir\u00fcn A", "\u00c7ak\u0131r D", "E	Journal of Alzheimer's disease	2026	0
Discovery of a Covalent HDAC3 Degrader with Excellent Anti-Inflammatory Activity [PMID:41812251]	["Qin H", "Shi Y", "Liu R", "Wang B", "G	Journal of medicinal chemistry	2026	0
Myeloid HDAC3 deletion protects against traumatic optic injury. [PMID:41851071]	Shahror RA, Morris CA, Cunningham A, Chu	Cell death discovery	2026	0
HDAC3 mediates retinal endothelial cell metabolic reprogramming and angiogenesis [PMID:41023273]	Mitchell CD, Morris CA, Wild M, Cunningh	Acta Pharmacol Sin	2026	0
Metabolomics identifies riboflavin as a therapeutic agent for acute pancreatitis [PMID:41352543]	Shi Y, Peng J	J Nutr Biochem	2026	0
β-Hydroxybutyrate improves glymphatic system function and alleviates cerebral ed [PMID:41535708]	Yu MJ, Xiong RQ, Wu JW, Li YC, Xie JX et	Acta Pharmacol Sin	2026	0
SATB2 Mediates H3K9 Delactylation by Recruiting HDAC3 to Repress LCN2 and Inhibi [PMID:41736683]	Wen T, Yang L, Cai S, Liu Y, Fan J et al	Adv Sci (Weinh)	2026	0
Histone deacetylases: Function in tumor development and therapeutic prospects (R [PMID:41783166]	Lin R, Zhang Y, Li H, Liang F	Oncol Lett	2026	0
LncRNA SNHG5 promotes macrophage lipid accumulation and aggravates atheroscleros [PMID:41844502]	Liu X, Wang HH, Lan XY, Sun SY, Xu XD, H	Biochimica et biophysica acta.	2026	0
HOX code-based stratification reveals RUNX1T1-HDAC reprogramming as a targetable [PMID:41912135]	Jiang Y, Cheng S, Zhang CY, Jin X, Li L,	Cancer letters	2026	0
Histone Deacetylases Are Required for Aedes aegypti Female Reproduction and Embr [PMID:41764745]	["Balasubramani S", "Palli S"]	Archives of insect biochemistr	2026	0
Microglial HDAC3 inhibits the migration of CD8-positive T cell in the developmen [PMID:41888851]	Na Che; Yang Zhang; Bo Wang; Hongxing Wu	Cell & bioscience	2026	0
GR/HDAC3 Regulates Npas4 Signaling Pathway and Mediates Cognitive Impairment in [PMID:41837847]	Zhao Z, Song Y, Yu X, Gao Q, Wang B, Sun	FASEB journal : official publi	2026	0

Debates (15)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

C3

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (21)

C3 — Complement Component 3

SLC30A3 — Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 3 (ZnT3)

MAP1LC3A Gene

SLC39A4 (ZIP4)

HERC3 — HECT and RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 3

SLC39A1 — Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 1

SLC39A12 — Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 12 (ZIP12)

SLC30A5 — Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 0A5 (SLC30A5)

BBC3 — BCL2 Binding Component 3 (PUMA)

HSP90 Co-chaperone CDC37 Modulation

SLC39A6 — Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 6

RAPGEF1 — Rap Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1 (C3G)

BBC3

SLC30A1

C3 Protein (Complement Component 3)

Complement Component 3 (C3)

Complement C3/C5 Inhibitor Therapy

SIGLEC3 Gene (CD33)

SLC39A14 — Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 14 (Zip14)

PIK3C3 (VPS34) Protein

PIK3C3 — Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Type 3 (VPS34)

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (426)

Incoming (185)

Targeting Hypotheses (3)

Mentioning Analyses (13)

Do SCFAs directly modulate α-synuclein aggregation in vivo at physiologically re

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

SEA-AD Single-Cell Analysis: Cell-Type Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease

Which cell types show the most significant expression changes for neurodegenerat

Gene expression changes in aging mouse brain predicting neurodegenerative vulner

Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transcriptomic data)

Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease (SEA-AD data - v2)

Metabolic reprogramming in neurodegenerative disease

Senolytic therapy for age-related neurodegeneration

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk amplification loops in neurodegeneration

Astrocyte reactivity subtypes in neurodegeneration

4R-tau strain-specific spreading patterns in PSP vs CBD

Experiments (8)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (15)

The debate identified a critical mechanistic gap between SCFA production by gut

PSP and CBD both involve 4R-tau but produce distinct neuropathological patterns

Investigate mechanistic links between early microglial priming states, neuroinfl

Investigate mechanistic links between early microglial priming states, neuroinfl

PSP and CBD both involve 4R-tau but produce distinct neuropathological patterns

Astrocyte reactivity subtypes in neurodegeneration

Microglia activate astrocytes via IL-1alpha/TNF/C1q, and reactive astrocytes fee

Senolytics targeting p16/p21+ senescent astrocytes and microglia may reduce SASP

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

SEA-AD Single-Cell Analysis: Cell-Type Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease