gene

GAL

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about GAL: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

287Connections

13Hypotheses

0Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

14Experiments

0Debates

Summary

GAL is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: activates, inhibits, expressed in. Associated with Aging, Als, Alzheimer. Connected to 172 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	GAL
Chromosome	11q13.2
Function	The GAL gene encodes preprogalanin, which is processed to galanin (1-29) and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP).
Amino Acids	30 aa
Pathways	Apoptosis, Hippo Pathway
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000178394
GeneCards	GAL
Human Protein Atlas	GAL
Associated Diseases	Aging, Alzheimer, Cancer, Ms, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Senescence
Interactions	AGING, AKT, ALZHEIMER, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AMPK, AMYLOID
KG Connections	287 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

Wiki Pages (17)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    GAL["GAL"]
    GAL -->|"activates"| Aging["Aging"]
    GAL -->|"activates"| Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
    GAL -->|"activates"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    GAL -->|"inhibits"| Neuroinflammation["Neuroinflammation"]
    GAL -->|"inhibits"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    GAL -->|"activates"| Parkinson["Parkinson"]
    GAL -->|"activates"| Ms["Ms"]
    GAL -->|"interacts"| Cardiac["Cardiac"]
    GAL -->|"interacts"| Fibrosis["Fibrosis"]
    CAT["CAT"] -->|"expressed in"| GAL
    IL_6["IL-6"] -->|"regulates"| GAL
    GFAP["GFAP"] -->|"activates"| GAL
    ASTROCYTES["ASTROCYTES"] -->|"activates"| GAL
    GSTP1["GSTP1"] -->|"inhibits"| GAL
    AGING["AGING"] -->|"activates"| GAL
    MTOR["MTOR"] -->|"activates"| GAL
    FIP200["FIP200"] -->|"activates"| GAL

Outgoing (184)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Aging	activates	disease	1.00
AGING	activates	gene	1.00
AKT	activates	gene	0.90
Mtor	activates	pathway	0.80
NRF2	activates	gene	0.80
Ferroptosis	inhibits	pathway	0.80
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	0.80
Autophagy	activates	pathway	0.80
Als	activates	disease	0.75
Senescence	activates	disease	0.75
Cardiovascular	activates	disease	0.75
Als	expressed_in	disease	0.75
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	0.75
Mitochondrial Function	treats	pathway	0.70
P21	activates	gene	0.70
FERROPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.70
MTOR	activates	gene	0.70
Oxidative Stress	inhibits	pathway	0.70
Apoptosis	inhibits	pathway	0.70
Pi3K/Akt	activates	pathway	0.70
NRF2	inhibits	gene	0.70
Cardiac	treats	disease	0.65
Carcinoma	expressed_in	disease	0.65
Carcinoma	inhibits	disease	0.65
Tumor	inhibits	disease	0.65
Atherosclerosis	activates	disease	0.65
Ms	inhibits	disease	0.65
Inflammation	expressed_in	disease	0.65
ALS	activates	disease	0.65
Cancer	associated_with	disease	0.65
Tumor	associated_with	disease	0.65
Neurodegeneration	expressed_in	disease	0.65
Ischemia	treats	disease	0.65
Inflammation	inhibits	disease	0.65
Senescence	regulates	disease	0.65
Aging	associated_with	disease	0.65
Ms	associated_with	disease	0.65
Parkinson	activates	disease	0.65
Senescence	associated_with	disease	0.65
Ms	activates	disease	0.65
Inflammation	interacts_with	disease	0.65
Cardiac	interacts_with	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	0.65
Rheumatoid Arthritis	associated_with	disease	0.65
Fibrosis	interacts_with	disease	0.65
Obesity	activates	disease	0.65
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Inflammation	activates	disease	0.65
Fibrosis	activates	disease	0.65
Senescence	causes	disease	0.65

Incoming (103)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
AUTOPHAGY	activates	gene	0.70
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	0.70
APOPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.70
OXIDATIVE STRESS	inhibits	gene	0.70
FERROPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.70
PI3K	activates	gene	0.70
P53	activates	gene	0.70
JNK	inhibits	gene	0.70
ST3GAL2	expressed_in	gene	0.60
JUN	inhibits	gene	0.60
AGING	associated_with	gene	0.60
AGING	activates	gene	0.60
MYOD	treats	gene	0.60
ROS	activates	gene	0.60
OXIDATIVE STRESS	treats	gene	0.60
P53	treats	gene	0.60
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	treats	gene	0.60
AMPK	activates	gene	0.60
NF-ΚB	activates	gene	0.60
C-JUN	inhibits	gene	0.60
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	inhibits	gene	0.60
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	inhibits	gene	0.60
ATG	expressed_in	gene	0.60
APOPTOSIS	expressed_in	gene	0.60
NEURODEGENERATION	expressed_in	gene	0.60
OXIDATIVE STRESS	expressed_in	gene	0.60
INFLAMMATION	expressed_in	gene	0.60
TNF-Α	expressed_in	gene	0.60
ROS	associated_with	gene	0.60
ALZHEIMER DISEASE	associated_with	gene	0.60
MITOPHAGY	activates	gene	0.60
MAP1LC3	associated_with	gene	0.60
ALZHEIMER	associated_with	gene	0.60
ST3GAL3	expressed_in	gene	0.60
MTOR	activates	gene	0.60
AND	activates	gene	0.60
FIP200	activates	gene	0.60
PI3K	treats	gene	0.60
PSP	activates	gene	0.60
SIRT1	activates	gene	0.60
RPS6KB1	activates	gene	0.60
CAT	expressed_in	gene	0.60
GFAP	activates	gene	0.60
GSTP1	inhibits	gene	0.60
TNF	expressed_in	gene	0.60
SLC7A11	inhibits	gene	0.60
GPX4	inhibits	gene	0.60
PTGS2	activates	gene	0.60
GPX4	activates	gene	0.60
IL6	activates	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (13)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Enhancing Vagal Cholinergic Signaling to Restore Gut-Brain A	0.669	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Galectin-3 deletion attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation	0.625	neuroscience	Lysosomal dysfunction and cathepsin leak
Vagal Afferent Microbial Signal Modulation	0.621	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Aberrant Galectin-3 Expression on Stressed Synapses Creates	0.610	synaptic-biology	What determines the selectivity of compl
TLR2 Recognition of Gut-Derived Fungal and Bacterial D-Alany	0.550	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri

Cross-Seeding: Gut Microbiome-Derived Bacterial Curli and Fu	0.540	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri
Galectin-3 as Damage-Sensor Scaffold for Multimeric Cross-Se	0.455	neurodegeneration	Protein aggregation cross-seeding across
GM1 Ganglioside Reduction via ST3GAL5 Activation to Block Aβ	0.454	lipidomics	Lipid metabolism dysregulation in Alzhei
Vagal Nerve Stimulation Combined with Probiotic Therapy	0.000	-	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Vagal Nerve Stimulation Enhancement Through Targeted Lactoba	0.000	-	Gut-Brain Axis Therapeutics for Alzheime
Voice-Guided Vagal Nerve Stimulation	0.000	-	Digital biomarkers and AI-driven early d
Ganglioside Rebalancing Therapy via ST3GAL5 Modulation	0.000	-	Lipid metabolism dysregulation and membr
Galectin-3/TREM2 Competitive Inhibition Therapy	0.000	-	Immune atlas neuroinflammation analysis

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (14)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Electroacupuncture ST37 treatment for DSS-induced colitis in mice	validation	colitis	0.950	0.00	mice	proposed	N/A
HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice	validation	diet-induced cognitive dysfunc	0.900	0.00	adult Swiss male mice	proposed	N/A
α7nAChR agonist treatment rescues HFD-induced memory deficits	validation	diet-induced cognitive dysfunc	0.850	0.00	HFD-fed adult Swiss male mice	proposed	N/A
α7nAChR knockout mice show enhanced HFD sensitivity	validation	diet-induced cognitive dysfunc	0.800	0.00	Chrna7 knockout mice	proposed	N/A
Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Triggers — Sporadic PD Initiation Mechanis	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
GLP-1 Agonist Neuroprotection Mechanism in PD	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
GLP-1 Agonist Responder Prediction Study — Precision Medicine for Neur	clinical	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Gut-Brain Axis Pathogenesis in Parkinson's Disease — Mechanism and Int	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Metabolic Syndrome-Parkinson's Disease Axis Clinical Trial	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolites in Alpha-Synuclein Propagation	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Microbiome-Gut Barrier Signatures in ALS — Experiment Design	clinical	ALS	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease — mechanism and inter	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,500,000
Non-Dopaminergic Neurotransmitter Degeneration in PD - Experiment Desi	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Non-Motor Symptom Progression in Parkinson's Disease — Mechanisms and	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
In Silico Pharmacogenomic Assessment of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) Agonists [PMID:39865816]	Sharafshah A, Lewandrowski KU, Gold MS,	Current neuropharmacology	2025	1
Chemogenetic inhibition of central amygdala CRF-expressing neurons decreases alc [PMID:38509197]	["Cruz B", "Vozella V", "Borgonetti V",	Molecular psychiatry	2024	1
Brainstem BDNF neurons are downstream of GFRAL/GLP1R signalling. [PMID:39737892]	["Feetham CH", "Collabolletta V", "Worth	Nature communications	2024	1
Astrocytic α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate pain information process [PMID:41453579]	Teng T, Yang S, Li J, Wang H, Wu F, He Y	Neurobiology of disease	2026	0
Signal-Level Determinants of Cognitive Decline With PPIs versus H2RAs: Transport [PMID:41663888]	Saihati HAA, Ahmed BY, Mosaad RM, El-Gar	Molecular nutrition & food res	2026	0
Nicotine Suppresses Human Memory Th Cell Subsets With Preferential Effects on Ce [PMID:41928597]	Gholizadeh F, Hajiaghayi M, Rahbari N, C	Eur J Immunol	2026	0
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to long-term cognitive reco [PMID:41270982]	Nguyen DT, Mendoza K, Hall C, Tan C, Cha	Experimental neurology	2026	0
Putative α7-selective ligands interact with α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholin [PMID:41890755]	Mobasher M, Hone AJ, Pilzecker M, Bozic	Frontiers in immunology	2026	0
The microbiome and eating disorders: a new framework at the interface of interoc [PMID:41921818]	["Ziade I", "McDermott M", "O'Riordan K"	Neuroscience	2026	0
Short-term exposure to a high-fat diet leads to neuroinflammation and impairs me [PMID:41565126]	Costa SO, Silva IM, Chaves WF, Esteves A	The Journal of nutritional bio	2026	0
Acetylcholine enhances HIF-1α signaling in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia [PMID:41608625]	Cho Y, Kim HG, Kang JH, Oh ET, Park HJ	International journal of biolo	2026	0
Liraglutide Attenuates Atorvastatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Restoring GLP-1R E [PMID:40711038]	["Elsiad E", "Abd El Aal H", "Salem H",	Toxics	2025	0
Central-peripheral neuroimmune dynamics in psychological stress and depression: [PMID:40610703]	Feng X, Jia M, Cai M, Zhu T, Hashimoto K	Molecular psychiatry	2025	0
The ATP-mediated cytokine release by macrophages is down-modulated by unconventi [PMID:41221292]	Wolf PMK, Hanke D, Singh VK, Keller HL,	Frontiers in immunology	2025	0
The potential role of Tirzepatide as adjuvant therapy in countering colistin-ind [PMID:38788447]	["Hassan N", "Ragab D", "Ibrahim S", "Ab	International immunopharmacolo	2024	0
Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising neuroprotection for ischemic stroke via α [PMID:38504011]	Xia XM, Duan Y, Wang YP, Han RX, Dong YF	Acta Pharmacol Sin	2024	0
Splenic nerve denervation attenuates depression-like behaviors in Chrna7 knock-o [PMID:38944290]	["Yang Y", "Eguchi A", "Mori C", "Hashim	Journal of affective disorders	2024	0
The effects of Fc fusion protein glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon dual recep [PMID:38518602]	["Jiang P", "Zeng Y", "Yang W", "Li L",	Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy	2024	0
Comparative effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-gluc [PMID:39217337]	["Albulushi A", "Tanoh D", "Almustafa A"	Cardiovascular diabetology	2024	0
Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising neuroprotection for ischemic stroke via α [PMID:38504011]	Xia XM, Duan Y, Wang YP, Han RX, Dong YF	Acta pharmacologica Sinica	2024	0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning GAL in their description or question text

GAL

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (17)

GAL Gene

GALNT2 — Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2

GALNS Gene

GALNT3 — Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3

GAL3ST1 Protein

GALR2 Gene

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (184)

Incoming (103)

Targeting Hypotheses (13)

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Experiments (14)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (0)

Related Research

Cross-Seeding: Gut Microbiome-Derived Bacterial Curli and Fungal Amyloid Synergi

Galectin-3 as Damage-Sensor Scaffold for Multimeric Cross-Seeding at Compromised

GM1 Ganglioside Reduction via ST3GAL5 Activation to Block Aβ Oligomerization See

Vagal Nerve Stimulation Combined with Probiotic Therapy

Vagal Nerve Stimulation Enhancement Through Targeted Lactobacillus Strains

Voice-Guided Vagal Nerve Stimulation

Ganglioside Rebalancing Therapy via ST3GAL5 Modulation

Galectin-3/TREM2 Competitive Inhibition Therapy

GAL

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (17)

GAL Gene

GALNT2 — Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2

GALNS Gene

GALNT3 — Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3

GAL3ST1 Protein

GALR2 Gene

GAL3ST1 Gene

B4GALT7 — Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 7

B3GALT6 Gene

ST6GALNAC5 Gene

ST6GALNAC5 Gene

LGALS3 Gene

GALR1 — Galanin Receptor 1

GALC Gene

GALC Protein

LGALS1 Protein — Galectin-1

LGALS1 — Galectin-1

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (184)

Incoming (103)

Targeting Hypotheses (13)

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Experiments (14)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (0)

Related Research

Cross-Seeding: Gut Microbiome-Derived Bacterial Curli and Fungal Amyloid Synergi

Galectin-3 as Damage-Sensor Scaffold for Multimeric Cross-Seeding at Compromised

GM1 Ganglioside Reduction via ST3GAL5 Activation to Block Aβ Oligomerization See

Vagal Nerve Stimulation Combined with Probiotic Therapy

Vagal Nerve Stimulation Enhancement Through Targeted Lactobacillus Strains

Voice-Guided Vagal Nerve Stimulation

Ganglioside Rebalancing Therapy via ST3GAL5 Modulation

Galectin-3/TREM2 Competitive Inhibition Therapy