GENES
Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node
Understanding Entity Pages
This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about GENES: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.
Summary
GENES is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: activates, associated with, regulates. Associated with ALS, Aging, Als. Connected to 5070 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.
AI-generated illustration · click image to enlarge
Regenerate portrait ↻| Gene Symbol | GENES |
| Pathways | Adaptive Immunity, Akt, Ampk Signaling, Amyloid, Angiogenesis |
| GeneCards | GENES |
| Human Protein Atlas | GENES |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Highest astrocyte-specific exosome concentration, closest to CNS |
| Blood (plasma/serum) | Less invasive, moderate astrocyte exosome abundance |
| Brain tissue | Research use only, most direct assessment of CNS pathology |
| Primary combination | ACTB + RPL13A (highest stability) |
| Alternative combination | GUSB + PPIA (excellent for blood samples) |
| Comprehensive panel | ACTB + RPL13A + GUSB (optimal for most studies) |
| Associated Diseases | Aging, Als, Alzheimer, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| Interactions | 6-OHDA, A2M, ABCA1, ABCA7, ABCB1, ABCG1 |
| KG Connections | 7700 knowledge graph edges |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
Wiki Pages (1)
Knowledge base pages for this entity
Pathway Diagram
graph TD
subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"regulates"| Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
GENES["GENES"] -.->|"inhibits"| Als_1["Als"]
MIRNAS["MIRNAS"] -->|"regulates"| GENES["GENES"]
PI3K["PI3K"] -.->|"inhibits"| GENES["GENES"]
TFEB["TFEB"] -->|"activates"| GENES["GENES"]
PTEN["PTEN"] -->|"activates"| GENES["GENES"]
PI3K_3["PI3K"] -->|"activates"| GENES["GENES"]
end
subgraph Therapeutic["Therapeutic"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Als["Als"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Carcinoma["Carcinoma"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Cancer["Cancer"]
end
subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"associated with"| APOE["APOE"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"associated with"| Tumor["Tumor"]
DNA["DNA"] -->|"associated with"| GENES["GENES"]
end
subgraph Interactions["Interactions"]
GENES["GENES"] -->|"interacts with"| Als_2["Als"]
end
style GENES fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
style Neurodegeneration fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Alzheimer fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Als fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style APOE fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Als_1 fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Tumor fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Carcinoma fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Cancer fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style Als_2 fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style MIRNAS fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style DNA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style PI3K fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TFEB fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style PTEN fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style PI3K_3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0Outgoing (4656)
| Target | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| STROKE | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| AGING | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Infection | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Pi3K/Akt | regulates | pathway | 1.00 |
| STROKE | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Metastasis | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | expressed_in | disease | 1.00 |
| Stem Cell | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| NF-ΚB | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Cardiovascular | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Metastasis | inhibits | pathway | 1.00 |
| ASTROCYTE | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Autophagy | associated_with | pathway | 1.00 |
| Aging | causes | disease | 1.00 |
| Infection | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Oxidative Stress | therapeutic_target | pathway | 1.00 |
| CD8 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Ischemia | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Parkinson | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Angiogenesis | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Obesity | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Dementia | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Parkinson | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Autophagy | expressed_in | pathway | 1.00 |
| Mtor | associated_with | pathway | 1.00 |
| Stroke | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| MTOR | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Neuroinflammation | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | interacts_with | disease | 1.00 |
| AKT | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Als | expressed_in | disease | 1.00 |
| Aging | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Mtor | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| DNA | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Tumor | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Immune Response | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Depression | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Cancer | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Fibrosis | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Cancer | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Mtor | inhibits | pathway | 1.00 |
| Dna Methylation | associated_with | pathway | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | expressed_in | disease | 1.00 |
| Wnt | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | activates | disease | 1.00 |
Incoming (3044)
| Source | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALZHEIMER | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ERK | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| TP53 | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| INFLAMMATION | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| STAT3 | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| CANCER | expressed_in | gene | 1.00 |
| TP53 | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| CANCER | causes | gene | 1.00 |
| INFLAMMATION | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| AGING | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| CANCER | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| DNA | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| STAT3 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| INFLAMMATION | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALS | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| PTEN | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| CANCER | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| FERROPTOSIS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| OVERVIEW | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| MITOCHONDRIAL DNA | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| MIRNAS | expressed_in | gene | 1.00 |
| MICRORNAS | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| DNA | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| DNA | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| SIRT1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| MIRNAS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| MITOPHAGY | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| PI3K | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| CYTOKINES | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| ALS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| OXIDATIVE STRESS | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| CANCER | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| HIF | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| PARKINSON | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| STAT3 | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| INFLAMMATION | expressed_in | gene | 1.00 |
| INFLAMMATION | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| STAT3 | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | expressed_in | gene | 1.00 |
| PARKINSON | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| AMYLOID | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| CYTOKINES | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| PARKINSON'S DISEASE | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
Targeting Hypotheses (30)
Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target
Mentioning Analyses (0)
Scientific analyses that reference this entity
No analyses mention this entity
Experiments (14)
Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity
| Experiment | Type | Disease | Score | Feasibility | Model | Status | Est. Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irisin effects on osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells | exploratory | bone fracture | 0.900 | 0.00 | mouse bone mesenchymal stem ce | proposed | N/A |
| Spp1 knockout prevents synaptic loss in AD mouse models | validation | Alzheimer's disease | 0.900 | 0.00 | Spp1 knockout AD mouse models | proposed | N/A |
| Synaptic plasticity and protein expression analysis in mPFC | exploratory | insomnia-anxiety comorbidity | 0.850 | 0.00 | mPFC brain slices from PCPA-tr | proposed | N/A |
| Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.509 | 0.50 | human postmortem brain tissue | proposed | $520,000 |
| s:** - Test whether HCN1 knockout specifically in EC layer II accelera | falsification | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | cell_line | proposed | $80,000 |
| AD Amyloid-Resilient Phenotype Study — Why Some amyloid-Positive Indiv | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $6,550,000 |
| AD Combination Therapy Trial: Anti-Aβ + Anti-Tau | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | cell_line | proposed | $180,000 |
| Animal Model Comparison for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapeutics | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $7,100,000 |
| Biomarker-Guided Sequential Therapy Selection in Alzheimer's Disease | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| tACS Connectivity Trial in Early Alzheimer's | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | mouse | proposed | $730,000 |
| Brainstem Circuit Modulation for PSP | clinical | ALS | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| Sleep and Respiratory Network Interaction in ALS — Experiment Design | clinical | ALS | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
Related Papers (20)
Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity
| Title & PMID | Authors | Journal | Year | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMI1 switches from being a substrate to an inhibitor of APC/C(CDH1) to start the [PMID:29875408] | Cappell SD, Mark KG, Garbett D, Pack LR, | Nature | 2018 | 1 |
| Metabolic fate of glucose and candidate signaling and excess-fuel detoxification [PMID:28280244] | Mugabo Y, Zhao S, Lamontagne J, Al-Mass | J Biol Chem | 2017 | 1 |
| Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. [PMID:24136970] | Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Th | Science | 2013 | 1 |
| Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative damage to mitoch [PMID:19879861] | Xu S, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhang W, Wa | Brain Res | 2010 | 1 |
| Nucleotide signaling and cutaneous mechanisms of pain transduction. [PMID:19171165] | Dussor G, Koerber HR, Oaklander AL, Rice | Brain Res Rev | 2009 | 1 |
| Antidepressant effects of combined eucommia-gastrodia extract via modulation of [PMID:41921863] | Xue L, Pan Z, Liu Y, Gan Q, Liu D, Liu D | Brain research bulletin | 2026 | 0 |
| Complementary mechanisms of high-carbohydrate diets and ketogenic diets restore [PMID:41475465] | Kwon H, Seo DS, Ahmad Y, Park S, Yoo J, | The Journal of nutritional bio | 2026 | 0 |
| TrkB promotes the neuronal secretion of soluble Siglec-2 (CD22) to mitigate micr [PMID:41922794] | Shi X, Cai SZ, Chai JL, Xu CY, Zhou BY, | Molecular psychiatry | 2026 | 0 |
| The Potential Functions and Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Cognitive Impairm [PMID:41917799] | Li XY, Cheng YZ, Zhang YM, Hu F, Fang SK | Brain and behavior | 2026 | 0 |
| Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease across diverse biological domains: an umbrell [PMID:40680830] | Kang J, Son Y, Yim Y, Cho H, Kim J et al | J Adv Res | 2026 | 0 |
| Nanotherapeutic potential of Baicalein-encapsulated hUC-MSC exosomes in Alzheime [PMID:41370943] | Xu J, He Z, Pan Y, Cao B, Chen G | Biomater Adv | 2026 | 0 |
| Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic innovations in chronic pain-associated neu [PMID:41554641] | Zhang K, Zhu S, Xing N, Zhou Z, Chen J e | Br J Pharmacol | 2026 | 0 |
| Postbiotics and the gut-brain axis: A mechanistic review on modulating neuroinfl [PMID:41570486] | Lahariya R, Anand G, Kumari B, Priyadars | J Neuroimmunol | 2026 | 0 |
| miRNA-206 in muscle and central nervous system crosstalk during exercise: A doub [PMID:41571168] | Malvandi AM, Gerosa L, Maroni P, Orlando | Neurosci Biobehav Rev | 2026 | 0 |
| Experts' narrative review "Mastication, Hippocampal Structure Changes and Cognit [PMID:41576846] | Piancino MG | Arch Oral Biol | 2026 | 0 |
| Plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's dis [PMID:41678917] | Xue D, Hu X, Li R, Sun T, Qian S et al. | Phytomedicine | 2026 | 0 |
| Dysregulation of Drp1 and Mfn2 is associated with reduced PSD-95, synaptophysin, [PMID:41932483] | Alfateh M, Vasconcelos C, Choker AH, Moh | Int J Biol Macromol | 2026 | 0 |
| AICAR improves depression-like behaviors and is associated with hippocampal AMPK [PMID:41932583] | Takahashi K, Kurokawa K, Kawaguchi R, Ta | Neurochem Int | 2026 | 0 |
| Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a s [PMID:41847685] | Si C, Ma L, Ding W, Tian Y, Zhang J, Cao | Frontiers in neurology | 2026 | 0 |
| Cannabidiol and pBDNF Cotreatment Attenuates Pathological Symptoms and Improves [PMID:41924980] | Chaulagain B, Gothwal A, Mahanta AK, Jar | ACS chemical neuroscience | 2026 | 0 |
Debates (0)
Multi-agent debates referencing this entity
No debates reference this entity
Related Research
Hypotheses and analyses mentioning GENES in their description or question text
TFEB-Dependent Lysosome Biogenesis
Score: 0.690 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The transcription factor EB (TFEB) and its closely related family member TFE3 rep
Hypocretin-Neurogenesis Coupling Therapy
Score: 0.688 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02
## Mechanistic Overview Hypocretin-Neurogenesis Coupling Therapy starts from the claim that modulating HCRT within the d
Pharmacological EZH2 Inhibition Resets Polycomb-Mediated Repression of Synaptic
Score: 0.680 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) represents a fundamental epigenetic regu
TFEB-mediated transcriptional upregulation of lysosomal genes as a therapeutic s
Score: 0.679 · neuroscience · 2026-04-22
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The transcription factor EB (TFEB) represents a master regulatory node in cellula
NeuroD1-Mediated Astrocyte Reprogramming Attenuates Neuroinflammation Through Ep
Score: 0.650 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The molecular foundation of this therapeutic approach centers on the dual functio
Neuronal TET1 Upregulation Reactivates Immediate-Early Genes and Restores Dendri
Score: 0.640 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The hypothesis centers on the ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) enzyme's critical
TFEB Activation to Restore Lysosomal Biogenesis in Aged Synapses
Score: 0.591 · proteomics · 2026-04-25
TFEB (together with TFE3 and TFEB family members) is a master transcriptional regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and auto
Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis Modulation
Score: 0.582 · Alzheimer's Disease · 2026-04-02
## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) represent
APOE4 drives astrocyte metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis via PGC-1α supp
Score: 0.580 · neuroscience · 2026-04-22
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The APOE4-driven metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes represents a complex casca
Direct NF-κB Transcriptional Regulation of C1q Genes in Microglia
Score: 0.570 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-21
## Mechanistic Overview Direct NF-κB Transcriptional Regulation of C1q Genes in Microglia starts from the claim that mod
Synergistic enhancement of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis by combined mTOR i
Score: 0.565 · neuroscience · 2026-04-22
## Mechanistic Overview Synergistic enhancement of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis by combined mTOR inhibition and TF
TRPML1-PINK1/Parkin Axis Coordinates Mitophagy with Lysosomal Biogenesis
Score: 0.560 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16
## Mechanistic Overview TRPML1-PINK1/Parkin Axis Coordinates Mitophagy with Lysosomal Biogenesis starts from the claim t
Metabolic Rescue PDH Activation (H5): Indirect Lipogenesis Suppression
Score: 0.550 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25
Dichloroacetate-mediated PDH activation redirects pyruvate into TCA cycle, reducing NADPH and acetyl-CoA substrate suppl
Polycomb-to-Trithorax Switch at Synaptic Plasticity Genes
Score: 0.530 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25
Polycomb-to-Trithorax Switch at Synaptic Plasticity Genes
H4: Polycomb Repression Relaxes at Neurodevelopment Genes
Score: 0.530 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
## Mechanistic Overview H4: Polycomb Repression Relaxes at Neurodevelopment Genes starts from the claim that modulating