Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node
This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about AUTOPHAGY: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation pathway that removes damaged organelles and misfolded proteins through lysosomal degradation. In neurodegeneration, autophagy dysfunction contributes to accumulation of toxic protein aggregates including amyloid-beta, tau, alpha-synuclein, and TDP-43. Key regulators include mTOR, AMPK, Beclin-1, and TFEB. Enhancing autophagy is a major therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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| Gene Symbol | AUTOPHAGY |
| Aliases | Autophagy-lysosomal pathway, Cellular self-eating |
| Function | Protein degradation; Organelle turnover; Quality control |
| Pathways | mTOR pathway, AMPK signaling, Beclin-1 complex |
| Autophagosome accumulation | Accumulation of immature autophagosomes suggests block in fusion with lysosomes |
| Amyloid interaction | Aβ peptides impair autophagic flux, creating a vicious cycle |
| Mitophagy defects | Reduced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction |
| LRRK2 mutations | G2019S LRRK2 impairs autophagosome formation |
| PINK1/Parkin pathway | Loss-of-function mutations cause mitophagy failure |
| GBA mutations | Glucocerebrosidase deficiency impairs lysosomal function |
| Associated Diseases | Aging, Als, Alzheimer, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| Known Drugs/Compounds | 3-Methyladenine, BEVACIZUMAB, BPA, COENZYME Q10, CURCUMIN, Cyclocreatine |
| Interactions | 6-OHDA, ABCA1, ABCD3, ABCG1, ABCG2, ACC |
| KG Connections | 7512 knowledge graph edges |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
Knowledge base pages for this entity
graph TD
subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| CANCER["CANCER"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| AGING["AGING"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| LYSOSOME["LYSOSOME"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| MITOCHONDRIA["MITOCHONDRIA"]
end
subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"regulates"| AGING_1["AGING"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -.->|"inhibits"| P62["P62"]
AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"regulates"| CANCER_2["CANCER"]
MTORC1["MTORC1"] -.->|"inhibits"| AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
ULK1["ULK1"] -->|"regulates"| AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
AMPK["AMPK"] -->|"activates"| AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
SIRT1["SIRT1"] -->|"activates"| AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
ROS["ROS"] -->|"activates"| AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
P62_3["P62"] -->|"regulates"| AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
end
style AUTOPHAGY fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
style CANCER fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style AGING fill:#5d4400,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style AGING_1 fill:#5d4400,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style P62 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style CANCER_2 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style NEURON fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style MICROGLIA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style LYSOSOME fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style MITOCHONDRIA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style MTORC1 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style ULK1 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style AMPK fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style SIRT1 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style ROS fill:#5d4400,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style P62_3 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0| Target | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| PINK1 | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| Mitochondrial Function | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| AMPK | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| APOPTOSIS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| MITOPHAGY | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Autophagy | interacts_with | pathway | 1.00 |
| BECN1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Lipid Metabolism | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Aging | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Aging | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Autophagy | expressed_in | pathway | 1.00 |
| Mapk | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Nf-Κb | inhibits | pathway | 1.00 |
| Als | interacts_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Apoptosis | associated_with | pathway | 1.00 |
| LC3 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Mitophagy | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Inflammasome | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Lysosomal Degradation | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Diabetes | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| BECLIN1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Autophagy | therapeutic_target | pathway | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Autophagy | inhibits | pathway | 1.00 |
| Mtor | therapeutic_target | pathway | 1.00 |
| Epigenetic | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| ferroptosis | regulates | phenotype | 1.00 |
| Ferroptosis | associated_with | pathway | 1.00 |
| Diabetes | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| Huntington | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| APOPTOSIS | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Fibrosis | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Apoptosis | regulates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Ferroptosis | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| CANCER | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Pyroptosis | regulates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Cancer | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Obesity | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Er Stress | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| cancer | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Cardiovascular | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Oxidative Stress | therapeutic_target | pathway | 1.00 |
| Cancer | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| Neuroinflammation | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Nf-Κb | regulates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Source | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| LC3 | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| Diabetes | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Aging | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Obesity | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| ERK | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| LC3B | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| SQSTM1 | interacts_with | gene | 1.00 |
| Ischemia | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| MAP1LC3B | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| PI3K | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Tumor | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Aging | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| Senescence | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| AKT | inhibits | protein | 1.00 |
| LC3 | interacts_with | gene | 1.00 |
| PTEN | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| LC3 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AKT | regulates | protein | 1.00 |
| SQSTM1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| PINK1 | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Cancer | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| ULK1 | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| Als | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| SQSTM1 | regulates | protein | 1.00 |
| BECN1 | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| Parkinson | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| TLR4 | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| BECN1 | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| ULK1 | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| SIRT1 | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| ATG5 | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| MTOR | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| mTORC1 | inhibits | pathway | 1.00 |
| p62 | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| PINK1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| LC3 | regulates | protein | 1.00 |
| STING | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| OVERVIEW | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| TFEB | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| PARKIN | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| PRKN | activates | protein | 1.00 |
| NRF2 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| ATG | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| ATG7 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| BECN1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| MTOR | regulates | protein | 1.00 |
| AMPK | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target
Scientific analyses that reference this entity
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-25 | 6 hypotheses Top: 0.387
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.629
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.666
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 0 hypotheses
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-14 | 0 hypotheses
Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity
| Experiment | Type | Disease | Score | Feasibility | Model | Status | Est. Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iPSC-NPC effects on astrocytes in vitro ICH model | exploratory | intracerebral hemorrhage | 0.900 | 0.00 | in vitro ICH cell culture mode | completed | N/A |
| Autophagy receptor identification for stress granule elimination | exploratory | neurodegenerative diseases | 0.900 | 0.00 | cultured cells under arsenite | proposed | N/A |
| AMPK knockdown validation experiment | exploratory | intracerebral hemorrhage | 0.880 | 0.00 | astrocyte cell culture | proposed | N/A |
| P2RY12-MTOR pathway interaction in VSMCs | exploratory | atherosclerosis | 0.850 | 0.00 | cultured VSMCs | proposed | N/A |
| iPSC-NPC transplantation in ICH animal model | validation | intracerebral hemorrhage | 0.850 | 0.00 | animal ICH model | proposed | N/A |
| Autophagy Enhancement Drug Screening for Neurodegeneration | clinical | Alzheimer's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $6,550,000 |
| Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Dysfunction in PD - Experiment Design | clinical | Parkinson's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| Macroautophagy Dysfunction in PD - Experiment Design | clinical | Parkinson's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| Validate Mitochondria-Lysosome Contact Site Dysfunction in PD | validation | Parkinson's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $2,730,000 |
| Mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) Clearance Mechanisms — Therapeutic Target Val | validation | Neurodegeneration | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $3,000,000 |
| MLCS Quantification in Parkinson's Disease | validation | Parkinson's Disease | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $2,730,000 |
| Presymptomatic GRN Carrier Intervention Timing — Biomarker-Guided Ther | clinical | Neurodegeneration | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $5,460,000 |
| TMEM106B Haplotype as Genetic Modifier in FTD — Mechanism and Therapeu | validation | Neurodegeneration | 0.400 | 0.50 | human | proposed | $2,730,000 |
Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity
| Title & PMID | Authors | Journal | Year | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatocyte FoxO1 Deficiency Protects From Liver Fibrosis via Reducing Inflammati [PMID:37678798] | Pan Q, Gao M, Kim D, Ai W, Yang W, Jiang | Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol | 2024 | 1 |
| Metabolic orchestration of cell death by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of RIPK1. [PMID:37384704] | Zhang T, Xu D, Trefts E, Lv M, Inuzuka H | Science | 2023 | 1 |
| Cinobufagin induces FOXO1-regulated apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and inv [PMID:35176466] | Zhang L, Liang B, Xu H, Gong Y, Hu W, Ji | J Ethnopharmacol | 2022 | 1 |
| Metformin Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity through Activation of AMPK [PMID:31693892] | Wang Y, An H, Liu T, Qin C, Sesaki H, Gu | Cell Rep | 2019 | 1 |
| AMPK-Mediated BECN1 Phosphorylation Promotes Ferroptosis by Directly Blocking Sy [PMID:30057310] | Song X, Zhu S, Chen P, Hou W, Wen Q, Liu | Curr Biol | 2018 | 1 |
| Obestatin controls the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems in gl [PMID:28675664] | Cid-Díaz T, Santos-Zas I, González-Sánch | J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle | 2017 | 1 |
| PTEN loss drives B7H3 upregulation via the mTORC2/FOXO/c-Myc axis to promote tum [PMID:41920736] | Wang Z, Jin N, Li X, Ma X, Feng Y, Yin K | Cell reports | 2026 | 0 |
| Replating Induces mTOR-Dependent Rescue of Protein Synthesis in Charcot-Marie-To [PMID:41876253] | Koenig J, McGuire A, Homedan Y, Alberhas | eNeuro | 2026 | 0 |
| S-equol promotes ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer by coordinating NC [PMID:41925800] | Ni F, Huang Z, Cui Y, Huang P, Xue Z, Hu | Molecular and cellular biochem | 2026 | 0 |
| Mammalian lipophagy: process and function. [PMID:41681129] | Zhao R, Dai E, Kang R, Liu J, Klionsky D | Autophagy | 2026 | 0 |
| TAZ alleviates ischemic stroke injury by activating Foxo1: Usp1-mediated deubiqu [PMID:41921828] | ["Xin Y", "Sun Y", "Pan E", "Li M", "Che | Free radical biology & medicin | 2026 | 0 |
| Evaluation of Copathology and Clinical Trajectories in Individuals With Tau-Clin [PMID:41396614] | Brown CA, Mundada NS, Cousins KAQ, Sadeg | JAMA neurology | 2026 | 0 |
| Membralin Assembles a MAN1B1-VCP Complex to Target Foreign Glycoproteins from th [PMID:41324484] | Zhang J, Lu X, Li S, Wang T, Ahmad I et | Adv Sci (Weinh) | 2026 | 0 |
| Viscum coloratum polysaccharide ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by upregul [PMID:41325866] | Zhang K, Sun S, Qiu H, Zhao H, Zhao H et | J Ethnopharmacol | 2026 | 0 |
| Evaluation of Copathology and Clinical Trajectories in Individuals With Tau-Clin [PMID:41396614] | Brown CA, Mundada NS, Cousins KAQ, Sadeg | JAMA Neurol | 2026 | 0 |
| Metabolic dysregulation reshapes the immune landscape: The gut microbiota-mTOR a [PMID:41445190] | Li J, Li J, Chen K | Mol Ther | 2026 | 0 |
| Aberrant nuclear pore complex degradation contributes to neurodegeneration in VC [PMID:41475349] | Dubey SK, Chaubey D, Ikenaga C, Lin WW, | Neuron | 2026 | 0 |
| Senecavirus a VP2 protein orchestrates PRDX1 degradation through dual autophagy [PMID:41479169] | Li Z, Yang X, Mao J, Zeng P, Qi Y et al. | Autophagy | 2026 | 0 |
| Inhibition of mTOR Enhances the Efficacy of Proteasome-Dependent Targeted Protei [PMID:41529091] | Liu Y, Sun Y, Song TY, Ni SY, Pu YS et a | Cancer Res | 2026 | 0 |
| Genetic commonalities between rare subtypes of ALS and CMT: insights into molecu [PMID:41621017] | Aynaashe A, Kursula P | Amino Acids | 2026 | 0 |
Multi-agent debates referencing this entity
completed · Rounds: 5 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-25
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.61 · 2026-04-21
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-21
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.30 · 2026-04-21
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.48 · 2026-04-21
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.70 · 2026-04-21
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.43 · 2026-04-20
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 1.00 · 2026-04-20
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.70 · 2026-04-16
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.85 · 2026-04-16
Hypotheses and analyses mentioning AUTOPHAGY in their description or question text
Score: 0.787 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16
## Mechanistic Overview VCP-Mediated Autophagy Enhancement starts from the claim that modulating VCP within the disease
Score: 0.784 · alzheimers · 2026-04-05
## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST interneurons to activate AMPK-autophag
Score: 0.777 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02
## Mechanistic Overview Transcriptional Autophagy-Lysosome Coupling starts from the claim that modulating FOXO1 within t
Score: 0.776 · multi · 2026-04-28
Shared mechanism across ALS, FTD, PD: TBK1 coordinates selective autophagy adaptors and innate immune tone. TBK1 haploin
Score: 0.772 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21
## Mechanistic Overview TBK1-OPTN-NDP52 Phospho-Cascade Coordinates Multi-Organelle Autophagy starts from the claim that
Score: 0.768 · molecular-biology · 2026-04-21
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The p21^Cip1 protein, encoded by the CDKN1A gene, functions as a critical molecul
Score: 0.763 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02
## Mechanistic Overview Circadian Clock-Autophagy Synchronization starts from the claim that modulating CLOCK within the
Score: 0.745 · neurodegeneration · 2026-05-10
AAV9-mediated overexpression of LAMP2A enhances chaperone-mediated autophagy to selectively degrade pathological alpha-s
Score: 0.737 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The central molecular mechanism underlying this hypothesis involves the intricate
Score: 0.720 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21
## Mechanistic Overview VCP/p97 ATPase mutations impair extraction of ubiquitinated autophagy substrates, causing protea
Score: 0.717 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The hexanucleotide repeat expansion (GGGGCC) in the C9orf72 gene represents th
Score: 0.703 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26
TDP-43 aggregates sequester hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), a critical hub coordinat
Score: 0.697 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-04
## Mechanistic Overview TFEB-Independent Autophagy Bypass starts from the claim that modulating ULK1 within the disease
Score: 0.682 · molecular-biology · 2026-04-21
## Mechanistic Overview mTORC1 Reactivation as Autophagy-Senescence Divergence Point Marker starts from the claim that m