Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration

Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells In Neurodegeneration is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells In Neurodegeneration is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are primitive inhibitory neurons that play crucial roles in hippocampal development, particularly in the formation of cortical lamina and synaptic circuit maturation. While largely disappearing in adulthood, residual CR cells and their developmental functions have implications for understanding hippocampal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. [@ishii2016]

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Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000695)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000695)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000695)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Taxonomy & Classification

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000695)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000695)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000695)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Neuroanatomy

Distribution

Hippocampal CR Cells

• Location: Stratum lacunosum-moleculare
• Density: Highest in early development
• Subiculum border: Prominent
• Entorhinal input zone: Target

Cortical CR Cells

• Layer I: Molecular layer
• Margin zone: Pallial-subpallial boundary
• Reelin source: Primary producers

Morphology

• Horizontal orientation: Axons parallel to surface
• Bitufted dendrites: Characteristic shape
• Axonal plexus: Widespread
• Size: Medium-sized neurons

Molecular Markers

• Reelin: Secreted glycoprotein
• Calretinin: Calcium-binding
• CoupTF: Nuclear receptor
• p73: Transcription factor
• Npas1: Neuronal PAS domain

Pathophysiology in Neurodegeneration

Developmental Considerations

Postnatal Decline

• Programmed cell death: Apoptosis after development
• Functional role: Transient
• Adult population: Minimal residual
• Maintenance: Role unclear

Alzheimer's Disease

Reelin Dysregulation

• Reelin signaling: Impaired in AD
• Amyloid interaction: Aβ affects reelin
• Tau pathology: Reelin kinase pathways
• Synaptic plasticity: LTPmechanisms/long-term-potentiation) impairment

CR Cell Contributions

• Developmental memory: Circuit formation
• Adult neurogenesis: Dentate gyrus
• Vulnerability factors: Early insults
• Compensatory potential: Limited

Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration

Seizure Susceptibility

• Inhibitory role: Reduced in disease
• Circuit hyperexcitability: Contribution
• Temporal lobe: Hippocampal sclerosis

Electrophysiology

Firing Properties

• Spontaneous activity: Early development
• Burst firing: Depolarization
• Inhibition: GABA release
• Calcium spikes: Plateau potentials

Developmental Changes

• Excitatory to inhibitory: Shift in GABA
• Reelin effects: Depolarizing to hyperpolarizing
• Maturation: Adult properties

Therapeutic Implications

Targeting Reelin Pathways

• Reelin agonists: Therapeutic potential
• VLDLR/ApoER2: Receptor targeting
• downstream signaling: PI3K/Akt, MAPK

Research Applications

• Developmental models: Understanding vulnerability
• Regeneration potential: Cell replacement
• Circuit reconstruction: Therapeutic

See Also

• [Hippocampal Interneurons](/cell-types/hippocampal-interneurons)interneurons)
• [Reelin Signaling](/genes/gnal)
• [Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis](/content/genes)

The study of Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells In Neurodegeneration has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

• [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) - Biomedical literature
• [Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative](https://adni.loni.usc.edu/) - Research data
• [Allen Brain Atlas](https://brain-map.org/) - Brain gene expression data

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: