Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration

Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein</td>
<td>Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Reelin</td>
<td>Amyloid-beta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">ApoE</td>
<td>Reelin modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GSK-3β</td>
<td>Reelin phosphorylation</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells In Neurodegeneration is an important cell type in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration

Introduction

<table class="infobox infobox-cell">
<tr>
<th class="infobox-header" colspan="2">Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Taxonomy</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology (CL)</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Database</td>
<td>ID</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Cell Ontology</td>
<td>[CL:0000695](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Protein</td>
<td>Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">Reelin</td>
<td>Amyloid-beta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">ApoE</td>
<td>Reelin modulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">GSK-3β</td>
<td>Reelin phosphorylation</td>
</tr>
</table>

Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells In Neurodegeneration is an important cell type in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.

Overview

Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are a distinctive population of transient neurons that play crucial roles in cortical development. While these cells largely disappear during postnatal development, surviving populations in the hippocampus have been implicated in various neurodegenerative processes. [@reelin]

<!-- taxonomy-enrichment --> [@cajalretziusa]

<!-- multi-taxonomy-enrichment -->

Multi-Taxonomy Classification

Taxonomy Database Cross-References

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000695)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000695)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000695)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [Human Cell Atlas](https://www.humancellatlas.org/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Taxonomy & Classification

PanglaoDB Marker Cross-References

• Unknown (PanglaoDB):

External Database Links

• [Cell Ontology (CL:0000695)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000695)
• [OBO Foundry (CL:0000695)](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000695)
• [Allen Brain Cell Atlas](https://portal.brain-map.org/atlases-and-data/bkp/abc-atlas)
• [CellxGene Census](https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/)
• [PanglaoDB](https://panglaodb.se/)

Distribution and Properties

• Location: Primarily in the marginal zone of the hippocampus and neocortex
• Neurotransmitter: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
• Marker expression: Reelin, calretinin, p73
• Developmental role: Guide neuronal migration, establish cortical lamination

Role in Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer's Disease

In Alzheimer's disease, Cajal-Retzius cells show:

• Reelin dysregulation: Altered Reelin expression affects dendritic spine formation
• Synaptic connectivity: Changes in CR cell function impact hippocampal circuit integrity
• Early vulnerability: May contribute to early hippocampal dysfunction

Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration

CR cells are implicated in epileptogenesis:

• Hyper-excitability: Loss of CR cells disrupts inhibitory control
• Network reorganization: Altered Reelin signaling contributes to aberrant sprouting

Down Syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome show:

• Increased CR cell numbers: Triplication of chromosome 21 affects development
• Early-onset AD pathology: Related to amyloid precursor protein overexpression

Molecular Mechanisms

Reelin Signaling Pathway

The Reelin pathway is critical for:

• Dendritogenesis: CR cells secrete Reelin to regulate dendritic spine formation
• Synaptic plasticity: Modulates long-term potentiation
• Neuronal positioning: Essential during development and in adulthood

Interactions with Neurodegeneration

Research Implications

Biomarker Potential

• Reelin levels in cerebrospinal fluid
• CR cell-specific gene expression patterns
• Imaging markers for early detection

Therapeutic Targets

• Reelin agonists to restore synaptic function
• Modulation of CR cell survival pathways
• Gene therapy approaches

Background

The study of Hippocampal Cajal Retzius Cells In Neurodegeneration has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.

Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.

External Links

• [Allen Brain Atlas - Cajal-Retzius cells](https://human.brain-map.org/)
• Neurodegeneration Research Database

Pathway Diagram

The following diagram shows the key molecular relationships involving Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cells in Neurodegeneration discovered through SciDEX knowledge graph analysis: