concept

TLR

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about TLR: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

742Connections

8Hypotheses

2Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

7Experiments

5Debates

Summary

TLR is a concept in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: activates, regulates, associated with. Associated with ALS, Aging, Als. Connected to 477 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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💡 Concept Info

Name	TLR
Key Genes/Proteins	ACE, ACOD1, ACSL4, ACTB, AGING, AIM2
Related Diseases	Aging, Als, ALS, Alzheimer
Related Pathways	Adaptive Immunity, Akt
Linked Hypotheses	15 hypotheses

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    TLR["TLR"]
    TLR -->|"activates"| innate_immunity["innate immunity"]
    TLR -->|"activates"| ACOD1["ACOD1"]
    TLR -->|"regulates"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Cardiovascular["Cardiovascular"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Als["Als"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Cancer["Cancer"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Ms["Ms"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Tumor["Tumor"]
    TLR -->|"target for"| Autoimmune["Autoimmune"]
    MTOR["MTOR"] -->|"regulates"| TLR
    JAK["JAK"] -->|"interacts"| TLR
    PI3K["PI3K"] -->|"expressed in"| TLR
    BAX["BAX"] -->|"activates"| TLR
    NLRC5["NLRC5"] -->|"interacts"| TLR
    NLRP12["NLRP12"] -->|"interacts"| TLR
    CYTOKINES["CYTOKINES"] -->|"interacts"| TLR

Outgoing (513)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
TLR	encodes	protein	0.00
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Toll-Like Receptor	activates	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	regulates	disease	0.95
innate immunity	activates	pathway	0.90
Toll-Like Receptor	associated_with	pathway	0.90
Immune Response	activates	pathway	0.90
Toll-Like Receptor	inhibits	pathway	0.90
Cancer	activates	disease	0.85
Cancer	regulates	disease	0.85
Als	regulates	disease	0.85
neural stem cells	activates	cell_type	0.80
JAK-STAT signaling	participates_in	pathway	0.80
ACOD1	activates	gene	0.80
neuroinflammation	regulates	disease	0.80
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	0.80
Immune Response	regulates	pathway	0.80
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	0.80
Nf-Κb	inhibits	pathway	0.80
Infection	activates	disease	0.75
Obesity	activates	disease	0.75
Cardiovascular	regulates	disease	0.75
Inflammation	associated_with	disease	0.75
Cardiac	activates	disease	0.75
Tumor	therapeutic_target	disease	0.75
Inflammation	therapeutic_target	disease	0.75
Cancer	therapeutic_target	disease	0.75
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	0.75
Ischemia	therapeutic_target	disease	0.75
Tumor	activates	disease	0.75
Neurodegeneration	regulates	disease	0.75
Autoimmune	regulates	disease	0.75
TLR9	activates	gene	0.70
TBK1	activates	gene	0.70
Nf-Κb	regulates	pathway	0.70
NLRP3	associated_with	gene	0.70
CANCER	regulates	gene	0.70
GENES	inhibits	gene	0.70
Autophagy	associated_with	pathway	0.70
Inflammasome	activates	pathway	0.70
TNF-Α	activates	gene	0.70
MYD88	regulates	gene	0.70
NF-kB signaling	participates_in	pathway	0.70
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	0.70
AKT	inhibits	gene	0.70
TNF-Α	inhibits	gene	0.70
ATG16L1	activates	gene	0.70
INFLAMMATION	associated_with	gene	0.70
PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling	participates_in	pathway	0.70

Incoming (229)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
TLR	encodes	gene	0.00
INFLAMMATION	activates	gene	1.00
INFLAMMATION	regulates	gene	0.90
TLR4	activates	gene	0.90
NFKB	interacts_with	pathway	0.80
NF-ΚB	inhibits	gene	0.80
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	0.80
TNF	activates	gene	0.70
NF-ΚB	regulates	gene	0.70
JNK	activates	gene	0.70
NF-ΚB	activates	gene	0.70
IL-6	activates	gene	0.70
APOPTOSIS	activates	gene	0.70
CYTOKINES	regulates	gene	0.70
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	gene	0.70
PI3K	inhibits	gene	0.70
TNF	inhibits	gene	0.70
rapamycin	targets	drug	0.70
NLRP3	regulates	gene	0.70
CYTOKINES	activates	gene	0.70
ROS	regulates	gene	0.70
FLAVONOIDS	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
NEURODEGENERATION	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
IL6	regulates	gene	0.60
TIRAP	activates	gene	0.60
EXERCISE	regulates	gene	0.60
TLR3	inhibits	gene	0.60
TLR1	activates	gene	0.60
TLR4	inhibits	gene	0.60
MYD88	inhibits	gene	0.60
TLR7	activates	gene	0.60
ROS	activates	gene	0.60
COMPLEMENT	activates	gene	0.60
MIRNAS	inhibits	gene	0.60
VIRAL INFECTIONS	activates	gene	0.60
APOPTOSIS	regulates	gene	0.60
NEURODEGENERATION	regulates	gene	0.60
PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES	inhibits	gene	0.60
MYD88	regulates	gene	0.60
NEUROINFLAMMATION	inhibits	gene	0.60
PRKAA1	activates	gene	0.60
GENES	activates	gene	0.60
TLR9	inhibits	gene	0.60
HMGB1	implicated_in	gene	0.60
MAPK	interacts_with	gene	0.60
STING	inhibits	gene	0.60
ARRB2	activates	gene	0.60
PKR	activates	gene	0.60
RNA	activates	gene	0.60
STING	activates	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (8)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Selective TLR4 Modulation to Prevent Gut-Derived Neuroinflam	0.789	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Axis Blockade to Interrupt LPS-Mediated Gut	0.703	neurodegeneration	How do gut microbiome-derived metabolite
Leaky Gut LPS Translocation Activates Systemic TLR4/MyD88 Si	0.670	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri
LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Cascade as Therapeutic Target	0.619	neurodegeneration	Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease: M
TLR2 Recognition of Gut-Derived Fungal and Bacterial D-Alany	0.550	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri

Cross-Seeding: Gut Microbiome-Derived Bacterial Curli and Fu	0.540	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri
H2S/butyrate imbalance drives enteric alpha-synuclein pathol	0.380	parkinsons	-
TLR4 priming is the actionable driver in: How does gut micro	0.343	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri

Mentioning Analyses (2)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-26 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.728

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-26 | 3 hypotheses Top: 0.346

Experiments (7)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Resveratrol protection against renal I/R injury in diabetic rats	validation	diabetic nephropathy	0.900	streptozotocin-induced diabeti	proposed	N/A
TLR expression analysis in Parkinson's disease patients	clinical	Parkinson's disease	0.850	human patients	proposed	N/A
Resveratrol effects on HK-2 cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation	exploratory	diabetic nephropathy	0.850	HK-2 cells cultured in high gl	proposed	N/A
TLR4 Activation Assay with NETs and Anti-CarP Antibodies	exploratory	rheumatoid arthritis	0.850	HEK293 TLR4 reporter cells	proposed	N/A
TLR expression in α-synuclein overexpressing mice	validation	Parkinson's disease	0.800	mice overexpressing human α-sy	proposed	N/A
Single nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq of postmortem PD brain tissue (n=1	gene_expression	Parkinson's disease	0.500	postmortem_human_tissue	extracted	N/A
Individuals with SNCA pathogenic variants reported painful dystonia, l	genetic_association	Parkinson's disease	0.500	human	extracted	N/A

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Ca [PMID:35642214]	Wang M, Pan W, Xu Y, Zhang J, Wan J, Jia	J Inflamm Res	2022	1
Podocyte TLR4 deletion alleviates diabetic kidney disease through prohibiting PK [PMID:40659086]	Li Z, Tan D, Lin J, Zhang T, Liu B et al	J Adv Res	2026	0
Celastrol treatment attenuates the inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease [PMID:40762111]	Cao F, Zhang P, Zheng Z, Wang P, Wang Y	Neurol Res	2026	0
CircCramp1l targets the miR-532-3p/HMGB1/Drp1 axis to regulate allergic rhinitis [PMID:41519399]	Zhang Y, Wang J, Song Y, Chai J, Li L et	Biochem Pharmacol	2026	0
Neuronal TLR4 upregulation activates the cGAS-STING pathway to induce ferroptosi [PMID:41702081]	Qin H, Yang L, Du J, Xu X, Chen Z et al.	Int Immunopharmacol	2026	0
2'-Fucosyllactose Alleviates Metabolic Hypertension in Mice via Gut Microbiota M [PMID:41926238]	Chen J, Liang S, Liu D, Yang S, Yan Q et	J Agric Food Chem	2026	0
Leveraging intraperitoneal delivery of toll-like receptor agonists to treat peri [PMID:41926324]	Yan H, Chia D, Ernst S, Demuytere J, Cos	Expert Opin Drug Deliv	2026	0
Small-molecule PCSK9 inhibition enhances BBB amyloid-β clearance and suppresses [PMID:41927877]	Miao J, Wang J, Zhou W, Guo J	Sci Rep	2026	0
Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies stabilize carbamylated Histone H3 to promot [PMID:41930627]	Nakabo S, Hanata N, Patino-Martinez E, H	Arthritis Rheumatol	2026	0
In silico design of a novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate for BtHKU5-CoV- [PMID:41931545]	Zheng N, Xu Y	PLoS Negl Trop Dis	2026	0
Upstream ORFs control TNFR1 abundance and tissue tolerance to TNF. [PMID:41931597]	Ma B, Lyu W, Rizk J, Han X, Kjær M et al	Sci Immunol	2026	0
Interweaving microglial senescence and gut microbiome dynamics in Alzheimer's di [PMID:41747877]	Waghmare A, Rahangdale S, Khare K, Taksa	Molecular and cellular neurosc	2026	0
Nanopiezoelectric 3D-Bioprinted Neural Organoid Models Epileptic Neuron-Microgli [PMID:41877549]	Chu J, Hu K, Lee WF, Xu SJ, Sun Z, Xu Y,	Nano letters	2026	0
The Neuroameliorative Effects of Enzymatically Modified Isoquercitrin and Sodium [PMID:41880086]	Hassouna I, Hassanein OH, El-Elaimy IA,	Neurochemical research	2026	0
Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenes in the Management of Neurological Disorders: An [PMID:41870813]	Upadhayay S	Molecular neurobiology	2026	0
Hyperglycaemia-induced metabolic stress and epigenetic imprinting in the inflamm [PMID:41730508]	Razi FB, Ashraf H, Singhal S, Qamar Z, M	Diabetes research and clinical	2026	0
Colonic Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammation Induced by Nano-/Micro-Plastics Fib [PMID:41923296]	Li Y, Bao S, Huang P, Wang J, Li H, Liu	Journal of applied toxicology	2026	0
Artemisinin attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurodegeneration via HMGB1 [PMID:41865324]	Mustafa AM, Mudhafar M, Elgindy AM, Esma	Archives of pharmacal research	2026	0
Curcumin and Glycyrrhiza glabra Synergistically Attenuate Alzheimer's Pathology [PMID:41920384]	Liu S, Yan J, Dong J	Neurochemical research	2026	0
The spleen-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Integrating [PMID:41778859]	Yan J, Zhang J, Ye X, Wang H, Li H, Li W	Alzheimer's & dementia : the j	2026	0

Debates (5)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Debate: SCFA Deficiency Drives Microglial Hyperactivation via GPR43/NF-κB Dysreg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.13 · 2026-04-27

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-26

Formal debate: TLR4 priming is the actionable driver in: How does gut microbiome

closed · Rounds: 3 · Score: 0.75 · 2026-04-26

Formal debate: plasma LPS-binding protein separates causal from compensatory sta

closed · Rounds: 3 · Score: 0.75 · 2026-04-26

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.78 · 2026-04-26

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning TLR in their description or question text

Cross-Seeding: Gut Microbiome-Derived Bacterial Curli and Fungal Amyloid Synergi

Score: 0.540 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26

Commensal bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella) produce curli amyloid fibers encoded by the csg operon, while Candida and Sacch

TLR4 priming is the actionable driver in: How does gut microbiome dysbiosis cont

Score: 0.343 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26

The gap can be tested by treating TLR4 priming as an upstream driver rather than a passive correlate. If true, perturbin

TLR

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (21)

TLR Signaling in Parkinson's Disease

TLR5-Mediated Microglial Neuroinflammation Hypothesis

TLR Signaling Pathway in Neurodegeneration

TLR5 Gene

TLR8 Gene

TLR10 Gene

TLR7/8/9 Antagonists for Neurodegeneration

TLR4 Antagonists for Neurodegeneration

TLR6 Gene

CpG1018 TLR9 Agonist Phase 1 Trial (NCT05606341)

TLR9 — Toll-Like Receptor 9

TLR2 — Toll-Like Receptor 2

TLR7/8/9 Antagonists for Neurodegeneration

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)

TLR1 Protein

TLR9 Protein — Toll-Like Receptor 9

TLR1 Gene

TLR3 Protein — Toll-Like Receptor 3

TLR2 Protein — Toll-Like Receptor 2

TLR7 Protein

TLR5 Protein

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (513)

Incoming (229)

Targeting Hypotheses (8)

Mentioning Analyses (2)

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

Experiments (7)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (5)

Debate: SCFA Deficiency Drives Microglial Hyperactivation via GPR43/NF-κB Dysreg

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

Formal debate: TLR4 priming is the actionable driver in: How does gut microbiome

Formal debate: plasma LPS-binding protein separates causal from compensatory sta

How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegen

Related Research

Cross-Seeding: Gut Microbiome-Derived Bacterial Curli and Fungal Amyloid Synergi

TLR4 priming is the actionable driver in: How does gut microbiome dysbiosis cont